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Incidence of eriophyid mites (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) and predatory mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) in Florida citrus orchards under three different pest management programs

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Abstract

The abundance and diversity of eriophyid and phytoseiid mites in south and central Florida were assessed in six citrus orchards under three different pest management systems, conventional, organic, and untreated. Tree canopy, ground cover, and leaf litter were sampled every two months in two groves for each of the three pest management systems from April 2019 to February 2021. The citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) represented 95 to 99% of the rust mites sampled in each grove except in one untreated orchard where it accounted for 45% of the samples (n = 938 total P. oleivora mounted specimens). The pink citrus rust mite, Aculops pelekassi (Keifer) was present in organic and untreated orchards at 5% and 28%, respectively, but absent from conventional orchards (n = 134 total A. pelekassi mounted specimens). Twenty-nine species of phytoseiid mites were identified from 1778 specimens. Thirteen species were present in the canopy, fifteen in the ground cover, and eighteen in the leaf litter with some common species among these habitats. In the tree canopy, Typhlodromalus peregrinus (39%), Euseius spp. (25%), and Iphiseiodes quadripilis (19%) were the dominant species. Typhlodromalus peregrinus (43%), Typhlodromips dentilis (25%), and Proprioseiopsis mexicanus (13%) were the major species in the ground cover. Species richness was lower in organic orchards (3.0) compared to conventional and untreated orchards (5.0 and 4.7, respectively). In the leaf litter, Amblyseius curiosus (26%), Proprioseiopsis carolinianus (15%), Chelaseius floridanus (14%), and Amblyseius tamatavensis (12%) were the most common species. Shannon index was significantly higher in conventional orchards (1.45) compared to organic and untreated orchards (1.02 and 1.05, respectively). Evenness was also higher in conventional orchards (0.86) compared to organic and untreated (0.72 and 0.68, respectively). Finding of several phytoseiids in abundance across pest management programs suggest the need for identifying their role in pest suppression particularly mites.

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Acknowledgements

This research work was supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2018-70016-27387, awarded to A. Schumann, J. Qureshi, A. Singerman, P. Rolshausen, and R. Ferrarezi. Ismail Döker was supported by a grant from the Cukurova University Scientific Projects Foundation Units, project number: FAY-2022-14495. We are grateful to Dr. van Santen for his help with data analysis. We would also like to thank Chico Juan and Santiago Moreno for assisting in collecting predatory mites in the field.

Funding

This research work was supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2018-70016-27387, awarded to A. Schumann, J. Qureshi, A. Singerman, P. Rolshausen, and R. Ferrarezi. Ismail Döker was supported by a grant from the Cukurova University Scientific Projects Foundation Units, project number: FAY-2022-14495.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA

    Emilie P. Demard & Jawwad A. Qureshi

  2. Agricultural Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Acarology Laboratory, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey

    Ismail Döker

  3. Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, 34142, USA

    Jawwad A. Qureshi

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EPD: Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. ID: Methodology, Data curation, Investigation, Validation, Writing – review & editing. JAQ: Conceptualization, Methodology, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing.

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Demard, E.P., Döker, I. & Qureshi, J.A. Incidence of eriophyid mites (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) and predatory mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) in Florida citrus orchards under three different pest management programs. Exp Appl Acarol 92, 323–349 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-023-00882-4

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