Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated RG28T, was isolated from the roots of rice plant collected from paddy fields in Ilsan, South Korea. Cells of the strain were oxidase-negative but catalase-positive. Strain RG28T was found to grow at 10–50 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in 1.0–5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant menaquinones were MK-7 and MK-6. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16:0, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified aminophosphoglycolipids, four unidentified aminophospholipids, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminoglycolipid and four unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G + C content was 33.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was closely related to Gottfriedia acidiceleris CBD 119T (98.6%), Gottfriedia solisilvae LMG 18422T (98.5%) and Gottfriedia luciferensis LMG 18422T (98.4%). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between strain RG28T and type strains of Gottfriedia species were lower than the cut-offs (≥ 95–96% for ANI and ≥ 70% for is DDH) required to define a bacterial species. Meanwhile, the strain has the ability to produce indole-acetic acid (40.5 µg/mL). Phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data suggested that strain RG28T represented a novel species of the genus Gottfriedia, for which the name Gottfriedia endophyticus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain RG28T (= KCTC 43327T = TBRC 15151T).
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- ANI:
-
Average nucleotide identity
- NJ:
-
Neighbour joining
- ML:
-
Maximum-likelihood
- ME:
-
Minimum-evolution
- MP:
-
Maximum-parsimony
- KEMB:
-
Korean environmental microorganisms bank
- DSMZ:
-
Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen
- IAA:
-
Indole acetic acid
References
Blin K, Shaw S, Steinke K et al (2019) antiSMASH 5.0: updates to the secondary metabolite genome mining pipeline. Nucleic Acids Res 47:W81–W87
Chhetri G, Kim J, Kim H, Kim IH, Seo T (2019) Pontibacter oryzae sp. nov., a carotenoid-producing species isolated from a rice paddy field. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112:1705–1713
Chhetri G, Kim J, Kim I, Kim H, Seo T (2020) Adhaeribacter rhizoryzae sp. nov., a fibrillar matrix producing bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of rice plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:5382–5388
Chhetri G, Kim J, Kim I, Kang M et al (2021a) Flavobacterium baculatum sp. nov., a carotenoid and flexirubin-type pigment producing species isolated from flooded paddy field. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 71:004736
Chhetri G, Kim J, Kim I, Kang M, Seo T (2021b) Limnohabitans radicicola sp. nov., a slow-growing bacterium isolated from rhizosphere of rice plant and emended description of the genus Limnohabitans. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 71:4957
Chun J, Oren A, Ventosa A, Christensen H, Arahal DR et al (2018) Proposed minimal standards for the use of genome data for the taxonomy of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68:461–466
Collins MD, Jones D (1981) Distribution of isoprenoid quinone structural types in bacteria and their taxonomic implications. Microbiol Rev 45:316–354
Felsenstein J (1981) Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. J Mol Evol 17:368–376
Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791
Fitch WM (1971) Toward defining the course of evolution: minimum change for a specific tree topology. Syst Zool 20:406–416
Goris J, Konstantinidis KT, Klappenbach JA, Coenye T, Vandamme P et al (2007) DNA–DNA hybridization values and their relationship to whole-genome sequence similarities. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:81–91
Gupta RS, Patel S, Saini N, Chen S (2020) Robust demarcation of 17 distinct Bacillus species clades, proposed as novel Bacillaceae genera, by phylogenomics and comparative genomic analyses: description of Robertmurraya kyonggiensis sp. nov. and proposal for an emended genus Bacillus limiting it only to the members of the Subtilis and Cereus clades of species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:5753–5798
Kim OS, Cho YJ, Lee K, Yoon SH, Kim M et al (2012) Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:716–721
Kim I, Chhetri G, Kim J, Seo T (2019) Amnibacterium setariae sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from dried foxtail. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 112:1731–1738
Kim H, Chhetri G, Kim J, Kang M, Seo T (2020a) Lewinella aurantiaca sp. nov., a carotenoid pigment-producing bacterium isolated from surface seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:6180–6187
Kim J, Chhetri G, Kim I, Kim H et al (2020b) Methylobacterium terrae sp. nov., a radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from gamma ray-irradiated soil. J Microbiol 959:966
Komagata K, Suzuki KI (1987) Lipid and cell-wall analysis in bacterial systematics. Methods Microbiol 19:161–205
Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K (2016) Mega7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 33:1870–1874
Kuykendall LD, Roy MA, O’Neill JJ, Devine TE (1988) Fatty acids, antibiotic resistance and deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 38:358–361
Logan NA, Lebbe L, Verhelst A, Goris J et al (2002) Bacillus luciferensis sp. nov., from volcanic soil on Candlemas Island, South Sandwich archipelago. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:1985–1989
Meier-Kolthoff JP, Auch AF, Klenk HP, Göker M (2013) Genome sequence-based species delimitation with confidence intervals and improved distance functions. BMC Bioinform 14:60
Minnikin DE, O’Donnell AG, Goodfellow M, Alderson G, Athalye M et al (1984) An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. J Microbiol Methods 2:233–241
Na SI, Kim YO, Yoon SH, Ha SM, Baek I et al (2018) UBCG: up-to-date bacterial core gene set and pipeline for phylogenomic tree reconstruction. J Microbiol 56:280–285
Pan T, He H, Wang X, Shen Y, Zhao J, Yan K et al (2017) Bacillus solisilvae sp. nov., isolated from forest soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 67:4449–4455
Peak KK, Duncan KE, Veguilla W, Luna VA, King DS et al (2007) Bacillus acidiceler sp. nov., isolated from a forensic specimen, containing Bacillus anthracis pX02 genes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:2031–2036
Rai M, Varma A (2005) Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-like biotechnological potential of Piriformospora indica, which promotes the growth of Adhatoda Vasica Nees. Electron J Biotechnol 8:1–6
Rzhetsky A, Nei M (1992) A simple method for estimating and testing minimum-evolution trees. Mol Biol Evol 9:945–967
Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425
Smibert RM, Krieg NR (1994) Phenotypic Characterization. In: Gerhardt P, Murray RGE, Wood WA, Krieg NR (eds) Methods for general and molecular bacteriology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, pp 607–654
Tatusova T, DiCuccio M, Badretdin A, Chetvernin V, Nawrocki EP et al (2016) NCBI prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline. Nucleic Acids Res 44:6614–6624
Thompson J, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882
Vandeputte O, Oden S, Mol A, Vereecke D, Goethals K et al (2005) Biosynthesis of Auxin by the gram-positive Phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians is controlled by compounds specific to infected plant tissues. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:1169–1177
Xu L, Dong Z, Fang L, Luo Y, Wei Z et al (2019) OrthoVenn2: a web server for whole-genome comparison and annotation of orthologous clusters across multiple species. Nucleic Acids Res 47:W52–W58
Yoon SH, Ha SM, Lim J, Kwon S, Chun J (2017) A large-scale evaluation of algorithms to calculate average nucleotide identity. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 110:1281–1286
Acknowledgements
We thank Prof Dr. Bernhard Schink (University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany) for the suggestion about species epithet.
Funding
This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (2020R1F1A1072647).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
This study does not describe any experimental work related to human.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Repositories The draft genome and 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain RG28T have been deposited in GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ under accession numbers JAGIYQ000000000 and MW386408 respectively.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chhetri, G., Kim, I. & Seo, T. Gottfriedia endophyticus sp. nov., a novel indole-acetic acid producing bacterium isolated from the roots of rice plant. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 115, 943–952 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-022-01748-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-022-01748-2