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Communities of culturable yeasts and yeast-like fungi in oligotrophic hypersaline coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf surrounding Qatar

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Abstract

This report is the first investigation of yeast biodiversity from the oligotrophic hypersaline coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf surrounding Qatar. Yeasts and yeast-like fungi, were cultured from seawater sampled at 13 coastal areas surrounding Qatar over a period of 2 years (December 2013–September 2015). Eight hundred and forty-two isolates belonging to 82 species representing two phyla viz., Ascomycota (23 genera) and Basidiomycota (16 genera) were identified by molecular sequencing. The results indicated that the coastal waters of the Qatari oligotrophic marine environment harbor a diverse pool of yeast species, most of which have been reported from terrestrial, clinical and aquatic sources in various parts of the world. Five species, i.e., Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, Pichia kudriavzevii and Meyerozyma guilliermondii (n = 252/842; 30% isolates) are known as major opportunistic human pathogens. Fifteen species belonging to nine genera (n = 498/842; 59%) and 12 species belonging to seven genera (n = 459/842; 55%) are hydrocarbon degrading yeast and pollution indicator yeast species, respectively. Ascomycetous yeasts were predominant (66.38%; 559/842) as compared to their basidiomycetous counterparts (33.6%; 283/842). The most isolated yeast genera were Candida (28%; 236/842) (e.g., C. aaseri, C. boidinii, C. glabrata, C. intermedia, C. oleophila, C. orthopsilosis, C. palmioleophila, C. parapsilosis, C. pseudointermedia, C. rugopelliculosa, C. sake, C. tropicalis and C. zeylanoides), Rhodotorula (12.7%; 107/842), Naganishia (8.4%; 71/842), Aureobasidium (7.4%; 62/842), Pichia (7.3%; 62/842), and Debaryomyces (6.4%; 54/842). A total of eleven yeast species ( n = 38) isolated in this study are reported for the first time from the marine environment. Chemical testing demonstrated that seven out of the 13 sites had levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) ranging from 200 to 900 µg/L, whereas 6 sites showed higher TPH levels (> 1000–21000 µg/L). The results suggest that the yeast community structure and density are impacted by various physico-chemical factors, namely total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and sulphur.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a research grant (NPRP 6-647-1-127) from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation) to Dr. Rashmi Fotedar, Ministry if Municipality and Environment, Doha, Qatar, Dr Teun Boekhout, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Prof Jack Fell, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, Florida, USA and Dr. Sayed J. Bukhari, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, Doha, Qatar.

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  1. Mohammed Abdul Moaiti: Deceased

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Centre, Ministry of Municipality and Environment, P.O Box 20022, Doha, Qatar

    Rashmi Fotedar, Aisha Zeyara, Amina Al Malki, Sayed J. Bukhari & Mohammed Abdul Moaiti

  2. Environmental Science Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Mark Chatting

  3. Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands

    Anna Kolecka & Teun Boekhout

  4. Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar

    Ridhima Kaul

  5. ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Houston, TX, USA

    Eric J. Febbo

  6. Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

    Teun Boekhout

  7. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, Florida, USA

    Jack W. Fell

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  1. Rashmi Fotedar
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Contributions

RF, TB, JWF designed research and project outline. JWF advised on the sampling and culturing techniques. AAM, SJB, MAM, EJF, RF, performed collection, GIS mapping and physio-chemical analysis. RF, AZ, AAM, performed the isolation of yeast from marine water, and purification so yeast isolates. AK and TB did ITS and D1/D2 LSU ribosomal DNA analysis and phenotyping grouping of isolates. MC did the statistical analysis RF and MC performed the data analysis and RF deposited the ITS and D1/D2 LSU ribosomal DNA sequences in the GenBank database. RF, TB, JWF drafted the MS. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rashmi Fotedar.

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Fotedar, R., Chatting, M., Kolecka, A. et al. Communities of culturable yeasts and yeast-like fungi in oligotrophic hypersaline coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf surrounding Qatar. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 115, 609–633 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-022-01722-y

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