Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Cellulomonas taurus sp. nov., a novel bacteria with multiple hydrolase activity isolated from livestock, and potential application in wastewater treatment

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A Gram-positive, smooth, sub-transparent, faint yellow,0.5–0.7 µm diameter, rod shaped aerobic or facultative aerobic strain P40-2Twas isolated from livestock farms in Northeast China. Strain P40-2T grew at 25–40 °C (optimum 30–38 °C), and in 0–4% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%) in LB medium. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain P40-2T belongs to the class Cellulomonas and is most closely related to C. denverensis strain W6929, C. pakistanensis strain NCCP-11and C. hominis strain CE40.DNA-DNA hybridization rate of strain P40-2T was 29%, and the ANI with C.denverensisstrainW6929 was 85.33%. The genome is 3437431 bp long with a G + C content of 71.99%. Of the 3177 predicted genes, 3119 were protein-coding genes and 58 were RNA encoding genes. The chemotaxonomic data: menaquinone was MK-9(H4), anteiso-C15: 0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17: 0 were the major cellular fatty acids, and the main cell-wall amino acids were ornithine,alanine, glycine and glutamate. The cell wall peptidogly can sugars included glucose, rhamnose, galactose and mannose. The polar lipid present were DPG, PG, PE, and PIM. On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, phylogenetic position, complete genome sequence and physiological characteristics, strain P40-2T can be differentiated from other species of the genus Cellulomonas with validly published names and thus represents a novel species, for which the name Cellulomonas taurus is proposed. The type strain is Cellulomonas taurus P40-2T (= CGMCC No.1.17732T).The acute toxicity test in mice showed that LD50 of strain P40-2T was rather high with 1.5 × 1011 CFU/mouse, which indicated low pathogenicity. Drug susceptibility showed that strainP40-2T was resistant to most antibiotics and only sensitive to six antibiotics. Strain P40-2T contained a variety of hydrolytic enzymes including the ability to hydrolyze cellulose, β-glucan, chitin, xylan, and casein. Microbial flocculant MBF-P40 for sewage was prepared with strain P40-2T, after strain P40-2T was confirmed that had good flocculation effect. MBF-P40 was used to prepare flocculation rate of 99.40%. MBF-P40 treatmented sewage from eight different sources. Flocculation rate for pig farm wastewater was 96.07%, COD removal rate is 71.05%, ammonia nitrogen removal rate is 18.22%. The result shows that MBF-P40 has a good flocculation effect, and good prospect of development and application for wastewater treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The Whole Genome Shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession PRJNA625123.The 16S rRNA gene sequence of P40-2T were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers MN596022.

Abbreviations

ANI:

Average nucleotide identity

dDDH:

Digital DNA–DNA hybridization

NEB:

New England BioLabs;SEM, Scanning Electron Microscope

MALDI-TOF MS:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry,

DPG:

Diphosphatidyl glycerol

PG:

Phosphatidylglycerol

PE:

Phosphatidyl ethnolamine,

PIM:

Phosphatidyl-myo-inositol marmoside

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

AN:

Ammonia nitrogen

References

  • Ahmed I, Kudo T, Abbas S, Ehsan M, Iino T, Fujiwara T (2014) Cellulomonas pakistanensis sp. nov., a moderately halotolerant Actinobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64:2305–2311

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergey DH, Harrison FC, Breed RS, Hammer BW, Huntoon FM (1923) Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown JM, Frazier RP, Morey RE et al (2005) Phenotypic and genetic characterization of clinical isolates of CDC coryneform group A-3: proposal of a new species of Cellulomonas, Cellulomonas denverensis sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 43:1732–1737

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Brown EM, Ke X, Hitchcock D et al (2019) Bacteroides-Derived Sphingolipids Are Critical for Maintaining Intestinal Homeostasis and Symbiosis. Cell Host Microbe 25:668–680

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Collins MD, Pirouz T, Goodfellow M, Minnikin DE (1977) Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria. J Gen Microbiol 100:221–230

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dou TY, Chen J, Liu CL (2020) Isolation and Subunit Compositions of the Xylanosome Complexes Produced by Cellulosimicrobium Species. Enzyme Microb Technol 133:109445

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doumith M, Buchrieser C, Glaser P, Jacquet C, Martin P (2004) Differentiation of the Major Listeria monocytogenes Serovars by Multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol 42:3819–3822

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein J (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783–791

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gong XJ, Xiang WS, Cao X, Yu Y (2020) Microbispora cellulosiformans sp. nov., a novel actinomycete with cellulase activity isolated from soil in the cold region. ANTON LEEUW INT J G. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-020-01477-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton MAU, Russo RC, Thurston RV (1978) Trimmed Spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ Sci Technol 12:174-179

  • Jones BE, Grant WD, Duckworth AW, Schumann P, Weiss N, Stackebrandt E (2005) Cellulomonas bogoriensis sp. nov., an alkaliphilic cellulomonad. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1711–1714

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kasana RC, Salwan R, Dhar H, Dutt S, Gulati A (2008) A rapid and easy method for the detection of microbial cellulases on agar plates using gram’s iodine. Curr Microbiol 57:503–507

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kenzaka T, Ishimoto Y, Tani K (2017) Draft genome sequence of multidrug-resistant Cellulosimicrobium sp. Strain KWT-B, isolated from feces of hirundorustica. Genome Announc 5:00641–1

    Google Scholar 

  • Kroppenstedt RM (1982) Separation of bacterial menaquinones by HPLC using reverse phase (RP18) and a silver loaded ion exchanger as stationary phases. J Liq Chromatogr 5:2359–2367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee CM, Weon HY, Hong SB, Jeon YA, Schumann P, Kroppenstedt RM (2008) Cellulomonas aerilata sp. nov., isolated from an air sample. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:2925–2929

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li YQ, Zhang H, Xiao M, Dong ZY, Zhang JY, Narsing Rao MP, Li WJ (2020) Cellulomonas endophytica sp. nov., isolated from Gastrodia elata Blume. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:3091–3095

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meier-Kolthoff JP, Auch AF, Klenk HP, Goker M (2003) Genome sequence-based species delimitation with confidence intervals and improved distance functions. BMC Bioinform 14:60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ndongo S, Bittar F, Beye M, Robert C, Di Pinto F, Fournier PE (2018a) Cellulomonas timonens is sp. nov., taxonogenomics description of a new bacterial species isolated from human gut. New Microbes New Infect 23:7–16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ndongo S, Bittar F, Beye M et al (2018b) Cellulomonas timonensis’ sp. nov., taxonogenomics description of a new bacterial species isolated from human gut. New Microbes New Infect 23:7–16

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ohtaki H, Ohkusu K, Sawamura H, Ohta H, Inoue R, Iwasa J, Ito H, Murakami N, Ezaki T, Moriwaki H, Seishima M (2009) First Report of Acute Cholecystitis with Sepsis Caused by Cellulomonas denverensis. J Clin Microbiol 47:3391–3393

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rivas R, Trujillo ME, Mateos PF, Martínez-Molina E, Velazquez E (2004) Cellulomonas xylanilytica sp. nov., a cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacterium isolated from a decayed elm tree. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:533–536

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salas NM, Prevost M, Hofinger D, Fleming H (2014) Cellulomonas, an emerging pathogen: a case report and review of the literature. Scand J Infect Dis 46:73–75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sardi S, Garcia P, Zandotti C et al (2019) First genome sequence of Cellulomonas hominis isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in the context of sudden infant death syndrome. New Microbes New Infect 33:100623

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sherlock MI (1991) Microbial identification system, operating manual, version 3.0. Newark, DE MIDI

  • Shi YL, Yu LY, Zhang YQ (2019) Research progress on the genus Cellulomonas. Acta Microbiol Sin 59:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Stackebrandt E, Schumann P, Prauser H (2006) The prokaryotes: a handbook on the biology of bacteria. The family Cellulomonadaceae., New York pp. 983–1001

  • Sun X, Li J, Du J, Xiao H, Ni J (2018) Cellulomonas macrotermitis sp. nov., a chitinolytic and cellulolytic bacterium isolated from the hindgut of a fungus-growing termite. ANTON LEEUW INT J G111:471–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suresh A, Grygolowicz-Pawlak E, Pathak S (2018) Understanding and optimization of the flocculation process in biological wastewater treatment processes: A review. Chemosphere 210:401–416

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.06. Mol Biol Evol 30:2725–2729

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Tian Z, Lu S, Jin D, Yang J, Pu J et al (2020) Cellulomonas shaoxiangyii sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:2204–2210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Yu Y, Dou TY, Wang JY, Sun CG (2018) Species of Family Promicromono sporaceaeand Family Cellulomonadeceae That Produce Cellulosome-Like Multiprotein Complexes. Biotechnol Lett 40:335–341

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon MH, Ten LN, Im WT, Lee ST (2008) Cellulomonas chitinilytica sp. nov., a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from cattle-farm compost. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:1878–1884

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoon SH, Ha SM, Lim J, Kwon S, Chun J (2017).A largescale evaluation of algorithms to calculate average nucleotide identity. ANTON LEEUW INT J G110:1281–1286

  • Zhang XM, Ma TS, Zhang HB (2006) Screening of a new flocculant producing strain and its characteristics. Ind Water Wastewater 37:64–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Xi L, Qiu D, Song L, Dai X, Ruan J (2013) Cellulomonas marina sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:3014–3018

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao C, Yang Q, Zhang H (2017) Optimization of Microbial Flocculant-Producing Medium for Bacillus subtilis. Indian J Microbiol 57:83–91

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhi XY, Li WJ, Stackebrandt E (2009) An update of the structure and 16S rRNA gene sequence-based definition of higher ranks of the class Actinobacteria, with the proposal of two new suborders and four new families and emended descriptions of the existing higher taxa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:589–608

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by financial assistance from The National Science and Technology Major Project of China, reference 2018YFD0500504, and also supported by a grant from Panjin CDC allocated to SS Zhang. The authors thank Jilin University Animal Medicine of College and Panjin Center for inspection and testing/Panjin CDC for the collaborative study conducted together.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education Jilin University/College of Animal Medicine, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China

    Sha-Sha Zhang & Zeng-Shan Liu

  2. Panjin Center for Inspection and Testing/Panjin CDC, Panjin, 124010, Liaoning, China

    Jian-Feng Xu, Xiao-LI Sun & Wei Guo

Authors
  1. Sha-Sha Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jian-Feng Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiao-LI Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wei Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zeng-Shan Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

The authors whose names appear on the submission have contributed sufficiently to the scientific work and therefore share collective responsibility and accountability for the results. LZS and XJF conceived the idea of the study; ZSS, SXL and GW carried out the experiments and revised the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zeng-Shan Liu.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflicts of interest with respect to the work published in this paper.

Ethical statement

I certify that this manuscript is original and has not been published and will not be submitted elsewhere for publication while being considered by SS Zhang. And the study is not split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time. No data have been fabricated or manipulated to support our conclusions. The research followed the spirit of science and humanity, and was approved by the welfare Ethical Committee of Jilin University Experimental Animal (2020004).

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, SS., Xu, JF., Sun, XL. et al. Cellulomonas taurus sp. nov., a novel bacteria with multiple hydrolase activity isolated from livestock, and potential application in wastewater treatment. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 114, 527–538 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01538-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01538-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation