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Diversity of culturable bacteria isolated from ancestral crops of Arica and Parinacota Region, Atacama Desert

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Abstract

Arica and Parinacota Region is located at the extreme north of the Atacama Desert, where the high levels of salts and boron, lack of rain, high UV radiation, among other conditions, make this zone an extreme environment. Despite these characteristics, in the transversal valleys, different types of crops are cultivated in this region, which are associated to beneficial microorganisms with specific traits that allow plants surviving and developing under extreme conditions. However, there is incomplete information related to these microorganisms. In this work, bacteria associated with ancestral crops were isolated from oregano, alfalfa, maize, potato, and grapevine samples from Belén, Codpa, Molinos, Poconchile and Socoroma localities, representing the first report of these microorganisms in those sites. Bacteria were identified, being γ-Proteobacteria, the most frequent class (~ 74.4%), with members of Pseudomonas genus the most common isolated genus. All bacteria were functionally characterized for plant growth-promoting activities, including siderophores and auxins production, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation, revealing an extraordinary potential from these microorganisms for agricultural applications under arid and semiarid conditions.

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Fig. 1

modified from Chilean Instituto Geográfico Militar website (https://www.igm.cl/)

Fig. 2
Fig. 3

source of the sample. The quantity of each genus is represented as a color bar as is indicated in the image

Fig. 4

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Abbreviations

ACC:

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

EC:

Electrical conductivity

CAS:

Chrome Azurol S

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

PVK:

Pikovskaya solid medium

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the FIC-CORFO Project 13CEI2-21852; and the execution of the Project Co-execution Agreement between the University of Tarapacá and the University of California Davis Chile (“Decreto Exento” N°00.451/2018). Additionally, this manuscript was edited by Mr. Ricardo Reyes Reyes from Editing Office of University of Tarapacá.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal Y Bioproductos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile

    Patricio A. Muñoz, Mabel J. Arismendi, Steffany F. Cárdenas & Germán F. Sepúlveda-Chavera

  2. UC Davis Chile Life Sciences Innovation Center, Santiago, Chile

    Patricio A. Muñoz, Mabel J. Arismendi, Denise E. Cifuentes Bachmann & Francisca A. Venegas

Authors
  1. Patricio A. Muñoz
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  2. Mabel J. Arismendi
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  3. Steffany F. Cárdenas
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  4. Denise E. Cifuentes Bachmann
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  5. Francisca A. Venegas
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  6. Germán F. Sepúlveda-Chavera
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, sampling, and experimental procedures were performed by PM, MA, SC, DC, FV, and GS. Data analysis were executed by PM and GS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by PM and GS, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the current version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Patricio A. Muñoz or Germán F. Sepúlveda-Chavera.

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10482_2020_1482_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx

Online Resource 1 Affiliation of 16S rRNA gene from isolated bacteria associated to crops from Arica and Parinacota Region, Chile. Non submitted sequences to GenBank are indicate as N.S. (XLSX 22 kb)

10482_2020_1482_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Online Resource 2 Neighbour-joining tree of the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolated bacteria and their closely related species obtained from GenBank. (PDF 1149 kb)

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Muñoz, P.A., Arismendi, M.J., Cárdenas, S.F. et al. Diversity of culturable bacteria isolated from ancestral crops of Arica and Parinacota Region, Atacama Desert. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 113, 2123–2137 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-020-01482-7

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