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Two new Leptographium spp. reveal an emerging complex of hardwood-infecting species in the Ophiostomatales

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Abstract

Species of Leptographium are generally characterized by mononematous conidiophores and are commonly associated with bark beetles and weevils. These species are responsible for sapstain and in some cases serious diseases on a range of primarily coniferous trees. In comparison with coniferous trees, the occurrence of Leptographium species on hardwood trees has been poorly studied in Europe. During a survey of ophiostomatoid fungi on various tree species in Norway and Poland, three unusual species, which fit the broader morphological description of Leptographium spp., were found in association with Scolytus ratzeburgi, Dryocoetes alni and Trypodendron domesticum on a variety of hardwoods, and from wounds on Tilia cordata. Phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for three gene regions (ITS2-LSU, β-tubulin, and TEF1-α) showed that these Leptographium species are phylogenetically closely related to each other and form a well-supported lineage that included Grosmannia grandifoliae and Leptographium pruni. The first species could be distinguished from the other Leptographium species based on conidiophores arising from spiral hyphae, chlamydospore-like structures and a hyalorhinocladiella-like synanamorph in culture. The second species differs from the previous one by having distinctly shorter conidiophores and smaller conidia. This species also produces a well-developed sporothrix-like synanamorph with denticulate conidiogenous cells. Based on these unusual morphological characteristics and distinct DNA sequences, these fungi were recognised as new taxa for which the names Leptographium trypodendri sp. nov. and L. betulae sp. nov. are provided. The third group of isolates belonged to Grosmannia grandifoliae, representing the first report of this species outside of the USA. The newly defined G. grandifoliae complex is the first species complex in Leptographium s.l. consisting of only hardwood-infecting species.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland (contract No. UMO-2014/15/B/NZ9/00560). The work in Norway is partly financed by Norwegian biodiversity information centre and is part of a Master thesis for T.A.

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The authors declare that have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland

    Robert Jankowiak, Beata Strzałka & Małgorzata Groszek

  2. Department of Forest Protection, Entomology and Forest Climatology, Institute of Forest Ecosystem Protection, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Krakow, Poland

    Piotr Bilański

  3. Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Riikka Linnakoski

  4. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa

    Riikka Linnakoski & Z. Wilhelm de Beer

  5. Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway

    Truls Aas & Halvor Solheim

  6. Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, 1431, Ås, Norway

    Halvor Solheim

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  1. Robert Jankowiak
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Jankowiak, R., Strzałka, B., Bilański, P. et al. Two new Leptographium spp. reveal an emerging complex of hardwood-infecting species in the Ophiostomatales. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 110, 1537–1553 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-017-0905-8

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