Abstract
From clinical point of view, knowledge of the pollen season and loads in the atmosphere of every community is important so as to guide on incidence and management of pollinosis. The aim of this work therefore is to evaluate the weekly constituents of the atmospheric pollen and fern spores of two communities in Lagos Nigeria and the relationship, if any, between the weekly aeroflora and hospital reported pollinosis cases. As part of efforts to contribute to the gathering of aerobiological data in Lagos State, a weekly gravimetric sampling of two locations (Ipaja and Ogba) in Lagos, Nigeria were undertaken from January 2018–December 2018 and the reported pollinosis cases (asthma and rhinitis) were collected from the surrounding hospitals. The samplers were placed on rigid platforms at 2 m above the ground level, the harvested residues were subjected to standard palynological procedure and twenty microlitres of each sample were studied microscopically. A total of 30 pollen taxa were identified with Amaranthaceae (544) dominating the palynomorphs at Ipaja and Elaeis guineensis (347) at Ogba. Using correlation (r = 0.1, p-value = 0.55 at Ipaja while r = 0.3, p-value = 0.33 at Ogba) and RDA test at p > 0.05, there is insignificant positive relationship between pollinosis cases and abundance of palynomorphs. However, at Ipaja, RDA indicated Poaceae and Elaeis guineensis as the possible drivers for asthma cases while Amaranthaceae and fungal spores were identified as weak drivers for catarrh. At Ogba, the loess curve and correlation test showed a significant positive relationship at p < 0.05 between the reported pollinosis cases and abundance of recovered palynomorph. Elaeis guineensis, Nephrolepis sp. and Dryopteris sp. seem to be the main drivers of asthma while Casuarina sp. and fungal spores perhaps drove catarrh. Dryopteris and Nephrolepis spores are firstly implicated as possible allergenic aeroconstituents in Nigeria in this work. The results from this work provide a background reference for the general public and hypersensitive individuals on the spatial distribution of pollen grains and fern spores in the study areas of Lagos as well as being a guide to the identification of culprit allergenic aeroconstituent.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adekanmbi, O., & Ogundipe, O. (2010). Aeropalynology studies of the University of Lagos campus. Nigeria. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 2(4), 34–39.
Adekanmbi, H. O., Alebiosu, O. S., & Adeiga, A. A. (2018). Aerofloral investigation and allergenic potentials of two dominant airborne pollen types at selected sites in Southwestern Nigeria. Aerobiologia, 10, 7–18.
Adeniyi, M. O., Ogunsola, O. E., Nymophas, E. F., & Oladiran, E. O. (2009). Food security measure during uncertain climatic conditions in Nigeria. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 9(2), 652–676.
Adeniyi, T. A., Adeonipekun, P. A., & Olowokudejo, J. D. (2017a). Annual records of airborne pollen of Poaceae in five areas in Lagos, Nigeria. Grana, 57, 284–291.
Adeniyi, T. A., Adeonipekun, P. A., Olowokudejo, J. D., & Akande, I. (2017b). Allergenicity of dominant aeropollen in Nigeria: Part I. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 30(4), 264–269.
Adeniyi, T. A., Adeonipekun, P. A., Olowokudejo, J. D., & Akande, I. S. (2014). Airborne Pollen Records of Shomolu Local Government Area in Lagos State. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 6(4), 428–432.
Adeniyi, T. A., Adeonipekun, P. A., & Olowokudejo, J. D. (2018a). Comparative study of aeropollen and pollinosis cases. Environmental Montoring Accessment, 190, 1–10.
Adeniyi, T. A., Adeonipekun, P. A., Olowokudejo, J. D., & Akande, I. (2018b). Allergenicity of dominant Aeropollen in Nigeria (Part II). Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 31(3), 178–183.
Adeonipekun, P. A. (2012). Comparative aeropalynology of Ayetoro-Itele, Ota, South-West Nigeria. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 4(12), 303–313.
Adeonipekun, P. A., & John, M. (2011). Palynological investigation of haze dust in Ayetoro-Itele Ota, Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 3, 455–460.
Adeonipekun, P. A., & Olowokudejo, J. D. (2013). Palynology of recent bottom sediments from shallow offshore Niger/Cross River Delta Nigeria: A preliminary study. International Journal of Botany, 9, 100–122.
Adeonipekun, P. A., Agbalaya, A. E., & Adeniyi, T. A. (2016). Aeropalynology of Ayetoro-Itele, Ota Southwest Nigeria: A preliminary study. In R. Alabi & P. A. Adeonipekun (Eds.), Human Palaeoecology in Africa: Essays in Honour of M. Adebisi Sowunmi (pp. 130–153). University of Ibadan Press.
Adeonipekun, P. A., Adeniyi, T. A., Matewo, J., & Agbalaya, B. (2017). The Late Quaternary vegetational and environmental history of western tropical Africa: the eastern Benin Basin, Lagos. Nigeria. Geology Geophysics & Environment, 43(4), 277–291.
Agwu, C., Njokuacha, R., & Mezue, O. (2004). The study of airborne pollen and spores circulating at Bhead level^ in Nsukka environment. Bio-Research, 2(2), 7–14.
Agwu, C., & Osibe, E. (1992). Airborne palynomorphs of Nsukka during the months of February–April, 1990. Nigerian Journal of Botany, 5, 177–185.
Alejandra, L., Juan Carlos, B., Raimundez, C., & Bilbao, B. (2011). Apollen atlas of premontane woody and herbaceous communities from the upland savannas of Guayana, Venezuela. Palynology, 35(2), 226–266.
Beggs, P. J. (Ed.). (2016). Impacts of Climate Change on Allergens and Allergic Diseases. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press.
Bostock, J. (1819). Case of a periodical affection of the eyes and chest. Medico Chirurgical Transactions, 10, 161.
Darrow, L. A., Hess, J., Rogers, C. A., Tolbert, P. E., Klein, M., & Sarnat, S. E. (2012). Ambient pollen concentrations and emergency department visits for asthma and wheeze. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 130, 630–638.
Davidson, R. L. (1941). A note on anthesis in some grasses near Johannesburg, and the relation of anthesis to collection of pollen for medical purposes. JS Afr. Bot., 7, 145–152.
Erdtman, G. (1969). Handbook of palynology: An introduction to the study of pollen grains and spores. Munksgaard.
Ezike, D. N., Nnamani, C. V., Ogundipe, O. T., & Adekanmbi, O. H. (2016). Airborne pollen and fungal spores in Garki, Abuja (North-Central Nigeria). Aerobiologia, 32, 697–707.
Frenz, D. A. (2001). Interpreting atmospheric pollen counts for use in clinical allergy: Allergic symptomology. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, 86(2), 150–158.
Gosling, W. D., Miller, C. S., & Livingstone, D. A. (2013). Atlas of the tropical West African pollen flora. Review of Paleobotany and Palynology, 199, 1–135.
Greiner, A. N., Hellings, P. W., Rotiroti, G., & Scadding, G. K. (2011). Allergic rhinitis. Lancet, 378, 2112–2122.
Hawke, P. R., & Meadows, M. E. (1989). Winter airspora spectra and meteorological conditions in Cape Town, South Africa. Grana, 28, 187–192.
Ibigbami, T., & Adeonipekun, A. (2020). Comparative aeropalynology of two communities in Lagos State, southwestern Nigeria. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 12(3), 729–740.
Lewis, W. H., Prathibha, V., & Zenger, V. E. (1983). Grasses and grass-like plants (p. 150). The Johns Hopkins University Press.
McInnes, R. N., Hemming, D., Lyndsay, D., Osborne, N. J., & Skjoth, C. A. (2017). Mapping allergenic pollen vegetation in UK to study environmental exposure and human health. Science of the Total Environment, 599–600, 483–499.
Medek, D. E., Beggs, P. J., Erbas, B., Jaggard, A. K., Campbell, B. C., Vicendese, D., Johnston, F. H., Godwin, I., Huete, A. L., Green, B. J., Burton, P. K., Bowman, D. M. J. S., Newnham, R. M., Katelaris, C. H., Haberie, S. G., Newbigin, E. D., & Davies, J. M. (2016). Regional and seasonal variation in airborne grass pollen levels between two cities of Australia and New Zealand. Aerobiologia, 32, 289–302.
National Population Comission of Nigeria. (2006). Population of alimosho local government - Search (bing.com)
Njokuocha, R. (2006). Airborne pollen grains in Nsukka, Nigeria. Grana, 45(1), 73–80.
Njokuocha, R., & Osayi, E. (2005). Airborne pollen and spore survey in relation to allergy and plant pathogens in Nsukka, Nigeria. Bio-Research, 3(1), 77–84.
Ordman, D. (1947). Pollinosis in South Africa. S. a. Hied. J., 21, 3818.
Ordman, D. (1955). Respiratory allergy in the coastal areas of South Africa: The significance of climate. S. a. Hied. J., 29, 173.
Ordman, D. (1961). Relation of climate to respiratory allergy. - Ann. Allergy 19: 29. Ordman, D. 1963. Seasonal respiratory allergy and associated pollens in South Africa. S. A. hied. J. 37:
Ordman, D. (1963). Seasonal Respiratory allergy and associated pollen in South Africa. South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg, 10, 321–325.
Ordman, D. (1972). Seasonal respiratory allergy in Bulamayo, Rhodesia: The pollen and fungus factors. S. a. Hled. J., 46, 1898–1901.
Ordman, D., & Etter, K. G. (1956). The air-borne fungi in Johannesburg. S. a. Hled. J., 30, 1054–1058.
Singh, A. B., & Kumar, P. (2004). Aerial pollen diversity in India and their clinical significance in allergic diseases. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 19(2), 190–201.
Singh, A., & Mathur, C. (2012). An aerobiological perspective in allergy and asthma. Asia Pacific Allergy, 2(3), 210–222.
Sowunmi, M. A. (1973). Pollen grains of Nigeria plants I. Woody species. Grana, 13, 145–186.
Sowunmi, M. A. (1995). Pollen grains of Nigeria plants II. Woody species. Grana, 34, 120–141.
Valencia-Barrera, R., Comtois, P., & Ndez-Gonzaa, D. (2001). Biogeography and bioclimatology in pollen forecasting. Grana, 40(4–5), 223–229.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflicts of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Appendices
Appendix 1
IPAJA 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PALYNOMORPHS | FAMILIES | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | |
Acacia sp. | Mimosaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Alchornea cordifolia | Euphorbiaceae | 1 | 2 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 3 | 60 | 65 | 4 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 20 | 23 | 11 | 10 | 3 | 348 |
Amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 1 | 5 | 15 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 21 | 13 | 36 | 50 | 85 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 16 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 35 | 15 | 10 | 81 | 15 | 0 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 544 |
Aracaceae | Aracaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asteraceae | Asteraceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 |
“Bacculates parkideermis” | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cassia sp | Fabaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Casuarina equisetifolia | Casuarinaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Cleistopholis pateus | Annonaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Combretaceae | Combretaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Convolvulaceae | Convolvulaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cocos nucifera | Rubiaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cyperaceae | Cyperaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Elaeis guineensis | Aracaceae | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 27 | 335 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 487 |
Gomphrena globosa | Amaranthaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mimosaceae | Mimosaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Mitracarpus sp | Rubiaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Nymphaea lotus | Nymphaeaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Rhizophora racemosa | Rhizophoraceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Poaceae | Poaceae | 10 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 21 | 11 | 0 | 19 | 32 | 8 | 7 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 13 | 11 | 13 | 6 | 316 |
Pterocarpus sp | Fabaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Papilionaceae | Papilionaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Raphia hookeri | Aracaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Typha sp. | Typhaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Vernonia amygdalina | Asteraceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Monocolpate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Verrutricolporites | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 12 | 13 | 35 | 25 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 52 | 17 | 45 | 56 | 93 | 17 | 23 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 6 | 19 | 6 | 9 | 15 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 18 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 42 | 31 | 33 | 134 | 407 | 12 | 94 | 108 | 17 | 17 | 34 | 41 | 51 | 57 | 25 | 28 | 12 | 1720 | |
Pteridiophyte Spores | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ceraptopteris sp | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cyathea sp. | Cyatheaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Dryopteris sp | Dryopteridaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 51 |
Monolete spore | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | |
Nephrolepis sp | Nephrolepidaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 38 |
Indeterminate spore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
Total | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 18 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 102 | |
Fungal spore | 7 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 21 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 5 | 48 | 10 | 3 | 18 | 14 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 20 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 2 | ||
Appendix 2
OGBA 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Palynomorphs | Families | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | |
Acacia sp. | Mimosaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Alchornea cordifolia | Euphorbiaceae | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 22 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 13 | 10 | 0 | 4 | 27 | 6 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 215 |
Amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 5 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 23 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 67 | 0 | 7 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 238 |
Aracaceae | Aracaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Asteraceae | Asteraceae | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
“Bacculates parkideermis” | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Cassia sp | Fabaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Casuarina equisetifolia | Casuarinaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Cleistopholis pateus | Annonaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Combretaceae | Combretaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Convolvulaceae | Convolvulaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cocos nucifera | Rubiaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cyperaceae | Cyperaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Elaeis guineensis | Aracaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 143 | 85 | 53 | 21 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 347 |
Gomphrena globosa | Amaranthaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Lanae | Acanthaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Mimosaceae | Mimosaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Mitracarpus sp | Rubiaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Nymphaea lotus | Nymphaeaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Rhizophora racemosa | Rhizophoraceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Poaceae | Poaceae | 5 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 22 | 18 | 0 | 15 | 10 | 11 | 20 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 318 |
Pterocarpus sp | Fabaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Papilionaceae | Papilionaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Raphia hookeri | Aracaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Typha sp. | Typhaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vernonia amygdalina | Asteraceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
monocolpate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Verrutricolporites | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Total | 12 | 22 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 42 | 18 | 14 | 28 | 17 | 16 | 18 | 72 | 9 | 23 | 27 | 14 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 8 | 19 | 16 | 17 | 16 | 14 | 4 | 7 | 29 | 1 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 21 | 180 | 112 | 56 | 49 | 25 | 15 | 29 | 38 | 18 | 15 | 17 | 26 | 1160 | |
Pteridiophyte Spores | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ceraptopteris sp | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Cyathea sp. | Cyatheaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Dryopteris sp | Dryopteridaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 |
Monolete spore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
Nephrolepis sp | Nephrolepidaceae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 26 |
Indeterminate spore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 59 | |
Fungal spore | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 10 | 11 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 13 | 2 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 19 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 8 | ||
Appendix 3
Reported pollinosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ifako | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | |
Asthma | 2 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 16 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 12 | 5 | 9 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 11 | 8 | 9 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 308 |
catarrh | 5 | 14 | 13 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 13 | 6 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 2 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 7 | 16 | 8 | 18 | 15 | 13 | 18 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 16 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 408 |
7 | 14 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 12 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 10 | 19 | 11 | 23 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 9 | 6 | 0 | 16 | 16 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 17 | 16 | 20 | 16 | 20 | 18 | 34 | 27 | 24 | 32 | 17 | 17 | 20 | 29 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 716 | |
Ipaja | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | |
Asthma | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | |
Catarrh | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | |
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ibigbami, T.I., Adeonipekun, P.A., Oluseyi, T. et al. Aeroflora and pollinosis in selected areas of Lagos, Nigeria. Aerobiologia 38, 567–580 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-022-09767-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10453-022-09767-2