Abstract
A landslide dam in most cases fails due to overtopping within a year of its formation, triggering a massive outburst flood. Although landslide dam material has a wide grain size distribution, the effects of coarse particles, which are immovable under normal river flow, on dam erosion processes and outflow discharge remain unknown. In this study, flume experiments on landslide dam failure caused by overtopping were conducted to reveal the effects of coarse particles on dam erosion processes and outflow discharge. In addition, this study developed a two-dimensional shallow water hydrodynamic model for predicting outflow discharge of a landslide dam with coarse particles. Our experiments demonstrated that an increase in the coarse particle fraction of dam material can increase the peak outflow discharge. This is because it can cause more rapid lowering of the maximum dam height due to the changes in erosion patterns. The numerical model proposed in this study successfully reproduced the experimental results showing temporal changes in outflow discharge of a landslide dam with and without coarse particles. Such a numerical model that can explain the transport of the non-uniform sediment particles could be an effective tool for predicting outburst floods of a landslide dam with a wide grain size distribution.
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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, S.T., upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (grant number 18H02235 and 21K18790). Special thanks are due to the staff of the Shizuoka University for cooperating with the experiments.
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The research was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (grant number 18H02235 and 21K18790).
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Shoki Takayama: conceptualization, methodology, software, investigation, writing—original draft. Fumitoshi Imaizumi: supervision, resources, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition.
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Takayama, S., Imaizumi, F. Effects of coarse particles on downstream face erosion processes and outflow discharge during the overtopping of a landslide dam. Landslides 20, 351–366 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-01973-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-01973-w