Abstract
Functional response (FR) is an important tool that is used to determine the potential of a natural enemy in regulating the population dynamics of a pest. The aphidophagous coccinellid, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) is a widespread generalist predator in all types of terrestrial ecosystems of Turkey. FR of this predator against different densities (10, 20, 40, 80, 130, and 200) of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) was studied under lab conditions using Holling’s disc and Random predator equations. Results from the logistic regression model revealed that all the two predatory stages (fourth instar larvae and male and female adult, separately) of H. variegata exhibited a type II FR. The parametric values estimated through Holling’s disc model indicated that the adult female was superior in terms of showing the highest attack rate (a), the lowest handling time (Th), and the highest capture/killing rate (T/Th) (1.101 ± 0.029, 0.2256 ± 0.024 h and 106.383 preys, respectively) as compared the fourth larval instar and adult male. The same parameters, when determined through Rogers’s equation, showed a similar trend but different values. Based on the FR curve, adult female appeared to be the most voracious feeder of A. pisum compared to the fourth instar larvae and adult male. The study manifested that H. variegata could be a potential predator to be used in biological control programs against A. pisum with adult female being the most effective predatory stage.
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Acknowledgements
Heartfelt thanks are extended to Prof. Dr. Ferit Turanli and Prof. Dr. Ismail Karaca for their constant guidance throughout the process of this trial. The authors are also thankful to the Ege University Scientific Research unit for financing this work.
Funding
This study was financially supported by Ege University Scientific Research unit under the Project No. 2016-ZRF-008.
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M. H. Khan, Z. Yoldaş and K. Madahi declare that they have no competing interests.
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Khan, M.H., Yoldaş, Z. & Madahi, K. High Prey Density Affects the Functional Response of Variegated Ladybird Beetles Against Pea Aphids. Gesunde Pflanzen 75, 2293–2300 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-023-00913-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-023-00913-5