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Mineral Composition of Bread Wheat Cultivars as Influenced by Different Fertilizer Sources and Weed Management Practices

Mineralstoffzusammensetzung von Brotweizensorten unter dem Einfluss verschiedener Düngerquellen und Unkrautbekämpfungsmethoden

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Abstract

Mineral and vitamin deficiencies are one of the important threats especially in developing and under-developed countries. Wheat grain also contains a number of elements vital to our biological functions, but hazardous to our health in high concentrations. This research was carried out to determine the effects of agronomic practices on the mineral composition of organically grown bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. In terms of all nutrients evaluated, the mineral content of wheat showed significant differences according to crop years, varieties, weed management methods and fertilizer sources. As the average of all factors, the Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb contents of the ground wheat grain were 3.93, 42.8, 79.6, 0.549, 11.34, 0.012, 0.140, 0.194, 3.71 and 0.269 mg/kg, respectively. According to the wheat varieties, the Kirik was superior in terms of Cu (7.6%), Fe (3.8%), Se (57%), Zn (40.5%), Co (31.1%) and Cr (36.1%), and the Dogu-88 was superior in terms of Mn (5.5%), Cd (1.9%), and Ni (17.0%). The effect of weed management methods on mineral content was variable. According to fertilizer sources, the highest mineral content was obtained from the control plots without fertilizer treatments. The lowest mineral contents were obtained from chemical fertilization, cattle manure and organic fertilizer applications. There was no significant increase in the mineral content of wheat with organic fertilization, however, organic agriculture still preserves its place in terms of healthy food. As a result, it has been determined that the values obtained for all mineral elements were not at a level that pose a risk on the environment, human and animal health according to WHO. In order to identify wheat varieties with higher mineral content, which are beneficial for human health, new research should be done with different organic fertilizer sources with more varieties.

Zusammenfassung

Mineralstoff- und Vitaminmangel sind vor allem in Entwicklungsländern und unterentwickelten Ländern eine große Bedrohung. Auch Weizenkörner enthalten eine Reihe von Elementen, die für unsere biologischen Funktionen lebenswichtig, in hohen Konzentrationen jedoch gesundheitsschädlich sind. In dieser Studie wurden die Auswirkungen der agronomischen Praktiken auf die Mineralstoffzusammensetzung von ökologisch angebauten Brotweizensorten (Triticum aestivum L.) untersucht. Bei allen bewerteten Nährstoffen wies der Mineralstoffgehalt von Weizen je nach Anbaujahr, Sorte, Unkrautbekämpfungsmethode und Düngerquelle signifikante Unterschiede auf. Im Durchschnitt aller Faktoren betrugen die Gehalte an Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni und Pb im gemahlenen Weizenkorn 3,93, 42,8, 79,6, 0,549, 11,34, 0,012, 0,140, 0,194, 3,71 bzw. 0,269 mg/kg. Bei den Weizensorten war Kirik in Bezug auf Cu (7,6 %), Fe (3,8 %), Se (57 %), Zn (40,5 %), Co (31,1 %) und Cr (36,1 %) überlegen, während Dogu-88 in Bezug auf Mn (5,5 %), Cd (1,9 %) und Ni (17,0 %) überlegen war. Die Auswirkungen der Unkrautbekämpfungsmethoden auf den Mineralstoffgehalt waren unterschiedlich. Je nach Düngerquelle wurde der höchste Mineralstoffgehalt in den Kontrollen ohne Düngerbehandlung erzielt. Die niedrigsten Mineralstoffgehalte wurden durch chemische Düngung, Kuhmist und organische Düngung erzielt. Die organische Düngung führte nicht zu einer signifikanten Erhöhung des Mineralstoffgehalts des Weizens, dennoch behält die ökologische Landwirtschaft ihren Platz in Bezug auf gesunde Lebensmittel. Als Ergebnis wurde festgestellt, dass die für alle Mineralelemente ermittelten Werte nicht auf einem Niveau lagen, das laut WHO ein Risiko für die Umwelt sowie die Gesundheit von Mensch und Tier darstellt. Um Weizensorten mit höherem Mineralstoffgehalt zu identifizieren, die für die menschliche Gesundheit vorteilhaft sind, sollten neue Forschungen mit verschiedenen organischen Düngemitteln und weiteren Sorten durchgeführt werden.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thanks to TÜBİTAK (Project No: TOVAG 106O726), Agricultural Research and Extension Center of Ataturk University and Technology Research and Application Center (TAUM) of Erciyes University for their convenience in project, field and laboratory studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant and Animal Production, Safiye Cikrikcioglu Vocational School, Kayseri University, 38280, Talas-Kayseri, Turkey

    Sancar Bulut

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Ali Özturk

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Nesrin Yıldız

  4. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Mehmet Murat Karaoğlu

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  1. Sancar Bulut
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Correspondence to Sancar Bulut.

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S. Bulut, A. Özturk, N. Yıldız and M.M. Karaoğlu declare that they have no competing interests.

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Bulut, S., Özturk, A., Yıldız, N. et al. Mineral Composition of Bread Wheat Cultivars as Influenced by Different Fertilizer Sources and Weed Management Practices. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 1087–1098 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00671-w

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