Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of microclimatic conditions, which directly and indirectly affect the yield and quality of hazelnuts, on physiological characteristics. The study was carried out on ‘Tombul’, ‘Palaz’ and ‘Kalınkara’ hazelnut varieties (Corylus avellana L.), which are important commercial varieties, in three complete hazelnut orchards with different microclimatic conditions in two vegetation periods in 2021 and 2022 in Yalıköy town of Fatsa district of Ordu province (Türkiye). The experiment was designed according to the randomized block trial design with 3 replications. The results of the research revealed that the changes in physiological parameters vary depending on the orchards and the varieties. As sun exposure increased in the ‘Tombul’ variety, the chlorophyll value and tissue relative water content decreased on July 25, and the number of stomata increased. The change in chlorophyll value and number of stomata on July 25 in the ‘Palaz’ variety was similar to the ‘Tombul’ variety. In ‘Kalınkara’ variety, unlike the other two varieties, the change in leaf temperature on July 10 according to orchards was significant and the change in the number of stomata was found to be similar to the other two varieties. On the other hand, the highest leaf temperatures in all three varieties were determined in 2021 and the highest chlorophyll values in 2020. Unlike ‘Palaz’ and ‘Kalınkara’, the tissue relative water content on August 3 in the ‘Tombul’ variety was determined to be higher in 2021. As a result, it can be said that important physiological parameters in hazelnuts may vary primarily depending on the variety, but also according to the sunshine duration of the orchards, years, and therefore, the microclimatic conditions of the orchards should also be taken into account in the evaluations regarding yield and quality.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akçin Y (2023) The leaf properties, stomatal index and chlorophyll content of Turkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cultivars. J Agric Sci 29(3):744–755. https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.1085373
Akçin Y, Bostan SZ (2023) Supplementary irrigation during the last cluster drop period for higher yield and quality in conventional rain-fed hazelnut farming. Erwerbs-Obstbau 65(1):115–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00787-3
Brownlee C (2001) The long and the short of stomatal density signals. Trends Plant Sci 6(10):441–442
Caşka Kılıçaslan S, Yıldırım E, Ekinci M, Kul R (2020) Kuraklık Stresinin Fasulyede Bitki Gelişimi, Bazı Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Özellikler Üzerine Etkisi. Erciyes Üniv Fen Bilim Enstitüsü Fen Bilim Derg 36(2):264–273 (https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/issue-full-file/56383)
Catoni R, Granata MU, Sartori F, Varone L, Gratani L (2015) Corylus avellana responsiveness to light variations: morphological, anatomical, and physiological leaf trait plasticity. Photosynt 53:35–46
Catoni R, Gratani L, Bracco F, Granata MU (2017) How water supply during leaf development drives water stress response in Corylus avellana saplings. Sci Hortic 214:122–132
Çelik A (2014) Yerkirazında farklı su uygulamalarının meydana getirdiği fizyolojik, morfolojik ve kimyasal değişikliklerin belirlenmesi. (Master’s Thesis) (in Turkish). https://acikerisim.nku.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.11776/517/0045296.pdf?sequence=1
Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi N, Fujita D, Basra SMA (2009) Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agron Sustain Dev 29(1):185–212. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2008021
Fischer RA (2001) Chapter 13. Selection traits for improving yield potential. In: Reynolds MP, Ortiz Monasterio JI, McNab A (eds) Application of physiology in wheat breeding, vol 13. CIMMYT, pp 148–159 (https://www.google.com.tr/books/edition/Application_of_Physiology_in_Wheat_Breed/PJ1a3yfTgg4C?hl=tr&gbpv=0)
Granata MU, Bracco F, Catoni R (2020) Carbon dioxide sequestration capability of hazelnut orchards: daily and seasonal trends. Energy Ecol Environ 5(3):153–160
Hampson CR, Azarenko AN, Potter JR (1996) Photosynthetic rate, flowering and yield component alteration in hazelnut in response to different light environments. Soc Hort Sci 121(6):1103–1111
Karakaya G, Ertan E, Dolgun O, Seferoğlu H (2022) Bazı Meyve Tür ve Çeşitlerinde Anaçların Fotosentetik Yaprak Özelliklerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Adü Ziraat Derg 19(1):37–47. https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.1012992 (In Turkish)
Kaşka N, Paydaş Kargı S (2007) Meyve ağaçları fizyolojisi: büyüme ve gelişme. Nobel yayınevi (in Turkish). 243 sayfa. https://www.nobelkitabevi.com.tr/gida-tarim-ve-hayvancilik/7063-meyve-agaclari-fizyolojisi-buyume-ve-gelisme-9789944730174.html
Kosenko IS, Balabak AF, Sonko SP, Balabak OA, Balabak AV, Opalko AI, Soroka LV (2019) Tolerance of hazelnuts towards unfavorable environmental factors. Ukrainian J Ecol 9(3):117–125 (https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tolerance-of-hazelnuts-towards-unfavorable-environmental-factors)
Külahçilar A, Tonkaz T, Bostan SZ (2018) Effect of irrigation regimes by mini sprinkler on yield and pomological traits in ‘Tombul’ hazelnut. Acta Hortic 1226:301–308. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1226.45
Külahçılar A, Tonkaz T, Bostan SZ (2019) Farklı su seviyesi uygulamalarının ‘Tombul’ fındık çeşidinde yaprak su potansiyeli, yaprak sıcaklığı ve klorofil miktarına etkisi. (in Turkish). Karadeniz 1. Uluslararası Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, Giresun, 15–17 Mart 2019. Kongre Tam Metin Kitabı, pp 1096–1105 (https://www.karadenizkongresi.org/_files/ugd/797a84_c1d38354c27e4dd3bb7d6fccfc4ecb03.pdf)
Meidner H, Mansfield TA (1968) Physiology of stomata. McGraw-Hill, London., p 179
Orlandi F, Ranfa A, Ruga L, Fornaciari M (2019) Hazelnut phenological phases and environmental effects in two central Italy areas. J Agric Meteorol 75(3):137–143
Özçağıran R, Ünal A, Özeker E, İsfendiyaroğlu M (2014) Ilıman İklim Meyve Türleri. Sert Kabuklu Meyveler. (in Turkish). Cilt:3. Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 566 (262 sayfa)
Pasqualotto G, Carraro V, Conati S, Chloé C, Salaün G, Mercadal M, Anfodillo T (2018) Stomatal sensitivity in Corylus avellana (L.): first analysis from a global dataset. Acta Hortic 1226:181–188
Pouyafard N, Akkuzu E, Kaya Ü (2016) Kıyı Ege Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Ayvalık Zeytin Fidanlarında Su Stresine Bağlı Bazı Fizyolojik ve Morfolojik Değişimlerin Belirlenmesi. (in Turkish). Tekirdağ Ziraat Fak Derg 13(1):88–98 (https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jotaf/issue/19062/201682)
Salazar-Canales F, Bastías RM, Calderón-Orellana A, Wilckens R, González E (2021) Photo-selective nets differentially affect microclimatic conditions, leaf physiological characteristics, and yield in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Hortic Environ Biotechnol 62(6):845–858
Şen Y, Bostan SZ (2020) The effect of photosynthetic active radiatıon on yield and quality traits in ‘Tombul’ and ‘Palaz’ hazelnut cultivars. Acta Sci Polon Hort Cultus 19(5):37–43
Şensu T (2006) Fatsa (Ordu)’da iklim özellikleri ve hava şartlarının fındık verimine etkisi. (Master’s Thesis) (in Turkish). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
Tichá I (1982) Photosynthetic characteristics during ontogenesis of leaves. VII: Stomata density and sizes. Photosynt 16(2):375–471 (https://kramerius.lib.cas.cz/view/uuid:336188b3-4ce4-11e1-1651-001143e3f55c?page=uuid:33618a38-4ce4-11e1-1651-001143e3f55c)
Valentini N, Caviglione M, Ponso A, Lovisolo C, Me G (2009) Physiological aspects of hazelnut trees grown in different training systems. Acta Hortic 845:233–238
Verslues PE, Zhu JK (2005) Before and beyond ABA: upstream sensing and internal signals that determine ABA accumulation and response under abiotic stress. Biochem Soc Trans 33(2):375–379
Walker GK, Hatfield JL (1979) Test of the stress-degree-day concept using multiple planting dates of red kidney beans. Agron J 71(6):967–971
Yılmaz A (2019) Fotovoltaik sistem ve damla sulama yöntemiyle sulanan fındıkta sulama uygulamalarının verim ve verim bileşenlerine etkisi. (Master’s Thesis) (in Turkish). https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12812/102055/yokAcikBilim_10286644.pdf?sequence=-1&isAllowed=y
Acknowledgements
This research is part of the PhD thesis of Yasemin Şen Dülger. This study was supported by the Ordu University Scientific Research Projects Unit (B-2117). The authors would like to express their thanks for financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Y. Şen Dülger and S.Z. Bostan declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Şen Dülger, Y., Bostan, S.Z. Effect of Microclimatic Conditions on Physiological Parameters of Hazelnuts. Applied Fruit Science (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-024-01097-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-024-01097-6