Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties, microbiological quality, heavy metal contents, and pesticide residues in raisin samples collected from different regions of Iran. A total of 134 raisin samples were collected from Urmia, Malayer, Quchan, and Qazvin during 2020–2021. Based on the results of statistical analysis, the moisture content ranged from 12.56 ± 2.75% (Quchan) to 13.74 ± 1.93% (Urmia) and 16.71 ± 0.89% to 18.52 ± 0.98% for ‘Sultana’ and ‘Thompson’ raisins, respectively. Total microbial count did not exceed the standard limits, while samples collected from Urmia showed positive results for live infestation. The content of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. According to results, Pb and Cd were found in the samples at concentration ranges of 0.06–0.14 and 0.002–0.02 mg kg−1, respectively. Furthermore, pesticide residues were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry after their extraction with the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method. Results showed that the pesticide content in 46.00%, 14.81%, 11.42%, and 31.81% of samples collected from Urmia, Qazvin, Quchan, and Malayer, respectively exceeded the maximum residue limits recommended by the Iranian National Standardization Organization. Penconazole and diazinon were the most widely detected pesticides in ‘Sultana’ and ‘Thomson’ raisins.
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We appreciate the support of this work by the Arat Company PJS, Tehran, Iran.
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M. Farshidi, A. Mohebbi, J. Moludi and B. Ebrahimi declare that they have no competing interests.
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Farshidi, M., Mohebbi, A., Moludi, J. et al. Evaluation of Ready-to-Eat Raisins Marketed in Iran: Physicochemical Properties, Microbiological Quality, Heavy Metal Content, and Pesticide Residues. Erwerbs-Obstbau 65, 1013–1025 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00749-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00749-9