Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Energy Analysis and Emissions of Greenhouse Gases of Pomegranate Production in Antalya Province of Turkey

Energiebilanz und Treibhausgasemissionen bei der Produktion von Granatapfel in der Provinz Antalya, Türkei

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Erwerbs-Obstbau Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, energy use patterns and the functional relationship between energy inputs and output for pomegranate production were investigated in Antalya province in Turkey. It further objective to identify greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in pomegranate production. Data were obtained from 75 farms using face-to-face interview method. The results indicated that 50,605.5 MJ ⋅ ha−1 of total energy input was required for 76,252.3 MG ⋅ ha−1 pomegranate energy output. 1.51 unit energy output was provided by using 1 unit energy input. 1 unit energy output and 1 kg pomegranate require 0.66 unit and 2.57 MJ energy input, respectively. The average CO2 emission amounts were also calculated to be 1.73 t CO2 per hectare and 88.1 kg CO2 per 1000 kg pomegranate production. Electricity, fertilizers and pesticides were the highest contributors to GHG emissions. Both total energy input usage and GHG emission amounts have been found to be decreasing as the farm size increases. Increasing scale of pomegranates orchards will not only increase energy efficiency and productivity but also decrease environmental pollution and damages. The regression analysis revealed that, excessive use of machinery and fuel inputs results in a decline in energy production in pomegranate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akcaoz H, Ozcatalbas O, Kizilay H (2009) Analysis of energy use for pomegranate production in Turkey. J Food Agric Environ 72:475–480

    Google Scholar 

  • Arsham H (2002) Statical thinking for decision making: Revealing facts from figures. http://upmail.ubalt.edu/~harsham/Business-stat/opre504.htm. Accessed 26 May 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • Astier M, Merlin-Uribe Y, Villamil-Echeverri L, Garciarreal A, Gavito ME, Masera OR (2014) Energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions in organic and conventional avocado orchards in Mexico. Ecol Indic 43:281–287

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin M (2002) Parametric test assumptions. http://users.wmin.ac.uk/~baldwim/2cog205/COG205CH14.html. Accessed 26 May 2002

    Google Scholar 

  • Barut ZB, Ertekin C, Karaagac HA (2011) Tillage effects on energy use for corn silage in mediterranean coastal of Turkey. Energy 36:5466–5475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Canakci M (2010) Energy use pattern and economic analyses of pomegranate cultivation in Turkey. Afr J Agric Res 5(7):491–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Canakci M, Akinci I (2006) Energy use pattern analyses of greenhouse vegetable production. Energy 31:1243–1256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Demircan V, Ekinci K, Keener HM, Akbolat D, Ekinci C (2006) Energy and economic analysis of sweet cherry production in Turkey: a case study from Isparta province. Energy Conv Manag 47(13–14):1761–1769

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyer JA, Desjardins RL (2003) Simulated farm fieldwork, energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions in Canada. Biosyst Eng 85(4):503–513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erdal G, Esengun K, Erdal H, Gunduz O (2007) Energy use and economical analysis of sugar beet production in Tokat province of Turkey. Energy 32:35–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erdal H, Esengun K, Erdal G (2009) The functional relationship between energy inputs and fruit yield: a case study of stake tomato in Turkey. J Sustain Agric 33(8):835–847

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ertekin C, Canakci M, Kulcu R, Yaldiz O (2011) Energy use pattern of some tuber plants cultivation over Turkey. XXXIV CIOSTA CIGR V Conference, Efficient and Safe Production Processes in Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Esengun K, Gunduz O, Erdal G (2007) Input-output energy analysis in dry apricot production of Turkey. Energy Convers Manag 48:592–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flores ED, Dela CRSM, Antolin MCR (2016) Environmental performance of farmer-level corn production systems in the Philippines. Int Agric Eng J 18(2):133–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Goktolga ZG, Gozener B, Karkacıer O (2006) Energy use in peach production: case of tokat province. Gaziosmanpasa Uni J Fac Agric 2:39–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomiero T, Paoletti MG, Pimentel D (2008) Energy and environmental issues in organic and conventional agriculture. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 27:239–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graefe S, Tapasco J, Gonzalez A (2013) Resource use and greenhouse gas emissions of eight tropical fruits species cultivated in Colombia. Fruits 68(4):303–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gundogmus E (2013) Energy use pattern and econometric models of banana production. Actual Probl Econ 3(141):233–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetz EJ (1992) Energy utilization in Chilean Agriculture. Agric Mech Asia Africa Lat Am 23:52–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetz EJ (1998) Energy utilization in fruit production in Chile. Agric Mech Asia Afr Lat Am 29(2):17–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Houshyar E, Dalgaard T, Tarazkar MH, Jorgensen U (2015) Energy input for tomato production what economy says and what is good for the environment. J Clean Prod 89:99–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC (2007) Climate change; impacts adaptation and vulnerability. In: Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 976

    Google Scholar 

  • Jekayinfa SO, Adebayo AO, Afolayan SO, Daramola E (2013) On-farm energetic of mango production in Nigeria. Renew Energy 51:60–63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khojastehpour M, Nikkhah A, Hashemabadi D (2015) A comparative study of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of canola production. Int J Agric Manag Dev 5(1):51–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khoshnevisan B, Rafiee S, Omid M, Yousefi M, Movahedi M (2013) Modelling of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in wheat production in Esfahan Province of Iran using artificial neural networks. Energy 52:333–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kizilaslan H (2009) Input-output energy analysis of cherries production in Tokat province of Turkey. Appl Energy 86:1354–1358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knudsen MT, Yu-Hui Q, Yan L, Halberg N (2010) Environmental assessment of organic soybean (Glycine max.) imported from China to Denmark: a case study. J Clean Prod 18:1431–1439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kocturk M, Engindeniz S (2009) Energy and cost analysis of sultana grape growing: a case study of Manisa, West Turkey. African J Agric Res 4(10):938–943

    Google Scholar 

  • Komleh SHP, Keyhani A, Sefeedpary SRP (2011) Energy use and economic analysis of corn silage production under three cultivated area levels in Tehran Province of Iran. Energy 36:3335–3341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lal R (2004) Carbon emission from farm operations. Environ Int 30(7):981–990

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry R (1999) Concepts and applications of inferential statistics. http://faculty.vassar.edu /lowry/webtext.html. Accessed 13 Mar 1999

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandal KG, Saha KP, Ghosh PK, Hati KM, Bandyopadhyay KK (2002) Bioenergy and economic analysis of soybean based crop production systems in Central India. Biomass Bioenergy 23:337–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mardani A, Taghavifar H (2016) An overview on energy inputs and environmental emissions of grape production in West Azerbayjan of Iran. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 54:918–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi A, Rafiee S, Mohtasebi S, Rafiee H (2010) Energy inputs-yield relationship and cost analysis of kiwifruit production in Iran. Renew Energy 35:1071–1075

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi A, Rafiee S, Jafari A, Keyhani A, Mousavi-Avval SH, Nonhebel S (2014) Energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of farming systems in North Iran. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 30:724–733

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadshirazi A, Akram A, Rafiee S, Avval SHM, Kalhor EB (2012) An analysis of energy use and relation between energy inputs and yield in tangerine production. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 16:4515–4521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozturk HH, Ertekin C, Ekinci K, Vardar A (2015) An energy consumption in Turkey’s agriculture. Turkey Agricultural Engineer VIII. Technical Congress, pp 1131–1142

    Google Scholar 

  • QasemiKordkheili P, Kazemi N, Hemmati A, Taki M (2013) Energy consumption, input–output relationship and economic analysis for nectarine production in Sari Region, Iran. Int J Agric Crop Sci 5(2):125–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Rafiee S, Avval SHM, Mohammadi A (2010) Modelling and sensitivity analysis of energy inputs for apple production in Iran. Energy 35:3301–3306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Royan M, Khojastehpour M, Emadi B, Mobtaker HG (2012) Investigation of energy inputs for peach production using sensitivity analysis in Iran. Energy Conv Manag 64:441–446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samavatean N, Rafiee S, Mobli H, Mohammadi A (2011) An analysis of energy use and relation between energy inputs and yield, costs and income of garlic production in Iran. Renew Energy 36:1808–1813

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sefeedpari P, Shokoohi Z, Behzadifar Y (2014) Energy use and carbon dioxide emission analysis in sugarcane farms: a survey on Haft-Tappah sugarcane agro-industrial company in Iran. J Clean Prod 83:212–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh G, Singh S, Singh J (2004) Optimization of energy inputs for wheat crop in Punjab. Energy Convers Manag 45:453–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh J M (2002) On farm use pattern in different cropping systems in Haryana, India. Msc dissertation. Flensburg: Flensburg University, 118 p.

  • Singh RS, De D, Chandra H (2001) Energy efficiency for wheat production under irrigated condition in Madhya Pradesh. J Asian Econ Rev 43(2):236–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Singh S, Mittal JP, Pannu CJS (1996) Frontier energy use for the cultivation of wheat crop in Punjab. Energy Convers Manag 39:485–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strapatsa AV, Nanos GD, Tsatsarelis CA (2006) Energy flow for integrated apple production in Greece. Agric Ecosyst Environ 116:176–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tabatabaie SMH, Rafiee S, Keyhani A (2012) Energy consumption flow and econometric models of two plum cultivars productions in Tehran Province of Iran. Energy 44:211–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taghavifar H, Mardani A (2015) Prognostication of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions analysis of apple production in West Azerbayjan in Iran using artificial neural network. J Clean Prod 87:159–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TUIK (2016) Turkish statistical institute, statistical data base. www.tuik.gov.tr. Accessed 2 Nov 2016

    Google Scholar 

  • Uhlin H (1998) Why energy productivity is increasing: an I–O analysis of Swedish agriculture. Agric Syst 56(4):443–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yaldiz O, Ozturk HH, Zeren Y, Bascetincelik A (1993) Energy usage in production of field crops in Turkey. 5th International Congress on Mechanization and Energy Use in Agriculture, Izmir, pp 527–536

    Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz I, Akcaoz H, Ozkan B (2005) An analysis of energy use and input costs for cotton production in Turkey. Renew Energy 30:145–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yilmaz I, Ozalp A, Aydogmus F (2010) Determination of the energy efficiency in dwarf apple production in Antalya province: a case study for Elmali. Akdeniz Uni J Fac Agric 23(2):93–97 (In Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yousefi M, Damghani AM, Khoramivafa M (2014) Energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and assessment of sustainability index in corn agroecosystems of Iran. Sci Total Environ 493:330–335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was supported by the Scientific Research Administration Unit of Akdeniz University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey

    Asaf Ozalp & Ibrahim Yilmaz

  2. Department of Basic Aquatic Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Akdeniz University, 07059, Antalya, Turkey

    Serpil Yilmaz

  3. Department of Farm Machinery and Technologies Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070, Antalya, Turkey

    Can Ertekin

Authors
  1. Asaf Ozalp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Serpil Yilmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Can Ertekin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ibrahim Yilmaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ibrahim Yilmaz.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

A. Ozalp, S. Yilmaz, C. Ertekin and I. Yilmaz declare that they have no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ozalp, A., Yilmaz, S., Ertekin, C. et al. Energy Analysis and Emissions of Greenhouse Gases of Pomegranate Production in Antalya Province of Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau 60, 321–329 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-018-0380-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-018-0380-z

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Search

Navigation