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Analytical Methods for Characterizing the Nanoparticle–Protein Corona

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Abstract

When nanoparticles (NPs) enter a biological environment, medium components, especially proteins, compete for binding to the NP’s surface, leading to development of a new interface, commonly referred to as the “protein corona.” This rich protein shell gives the NPs a biological identity that can be very different from their synthetic one, in terms of their chemical–physical properties. Understanding NP–protein interaction is crucial for both the bioapplications and safety of nanomaterials. The protein corona provides the primary contact to the cells and their receptors. It defines in vivo fate of the delivery systems, governing the stability, immunogenicity, circulation, clearance rates and organ biodistribution of the NPs. Given its importance, the application and the development of analytical methods to investigate the protein corona are crucial. This review gives an overview of chromatographic, electrophoretic, mass spectrometric and proteomic methods because these techniques have the advantage to be able to identify and quantify individual proteins adsorbed onto the corona. This capability opens up the possibility to exploit the protein corona for specific cell targeting.

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Abbreviations

AET:

Aminoethanethiol

BAM:

N-tert-Butylacrylamide

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

CE:

Capillary electrophoresis

CL:

Cationic liposome

CID:

Collision-induced dissociation

CuNPs:

Copper NPs

DC-Chol:

3β-[N-(N′,N′-Dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]-cholesterol

DOPC:

Dioleoylphosphocholine

DOPE:

Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine

1-DE:

One-dimensional gel electrophoresis

2-DE:

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

FFFF:

Flow field-flow fractionation

Hb:

Hemoglobin

IEC:

Ion-exchange chromatography

iTraq:

Isotope-coded tags

LIF:

Laser-induced fluorescence

MALDI-TOF:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MudPIT:

Multidimensional protein identification technology

NIPAM:

N-Isopropylacrylamide

NP:

Nanoparticle

PBCA:

Polyisobutylcyanoacrylate

PHDCA:

Polyhexadecylcyanoacrylate

PEG:

Polyethyleneglycol

RPLC:

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography

RS:

Raman spectroscopy

SEC:

Size-exclusion chromatography

SERS:

Surface-enhanced RS

SPIONs:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma 62, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, PO Box 34, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Anna Laura Capriotti, Chiara Cavaliere, Valentina Colapicchioni, Susy Piovesana & Aldo Laganà

  2. Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Giulio Caracciolo & Daniela Pozzi

  3. Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Valentina Colapicchioni

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  1. Anna Laura Capriotti
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  3. Chiara Cavaliere
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Correspondence to Anna Laura Capriotti.

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Capriotti, A.L., Caracciolo, G., Cavaliere, C. et al. Analytical Methods for Characterizing the Nanoparticle–Protein Corona. Chromatographia 77, 755–769 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-014-2677-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-014-2677-x

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