Abstract
Primate species exhibit considerable variation in behavior and outcomes during intergroup encounters (IGEs). Social group characteristics, like group size, and individual traits, such as sex, rank, and reproductive status, within those groups can influence both IGE engagement and outcomes. To better understand the impact of group heterogeneity on IGEs, we must examine individual strategies to elucidate individual costs and benefits of engaging in these interactions. Here, we present a descriptive study of the IGEs between two small social groups of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) on St. Catherines Island, GA, USA. We distinguish between dyadic and multiple-individual interactions between groups to compare collective and individual agonistic engagement. All encounters occurred when the East Road group (N = 7 individuals) traveled from the center of their home range to the boundary with Windmill group’s (N = 5 individuals) home range, indicating that East Road might have been actively testing this boundary for access to food resources, sleeping trees, and mating opportunities. We also found notable individual variation in participation during IGEs. The daughters of the highest-ranking females were the most-engaged in dyadic intergroup and intragroup aggression, had high “win” rates during intergroup dyadic encounters, and engaged in intergroup multiple-individual interactions at high levels. These findings indicate that they might value their home range more as “potential alphas” compared to other group members. Dominant females were the most engaged in multiple-individual interactions, suggesting that they contribute heavily to collective action that might result in a gain or loss of access to resources. Finally, these two small groups might be equally matched despite the two-individual group size disparity due to individual free-riding strategies. Future research should focus on individual strategies during IGEs to characterize the complex decisions and trade-offs that influence participation.
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Data Availability Statement
All data are available upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
Research on St. Catherines Island was conducted with authorization from the University of Colorado Boulder, the American Museum of Natural History, and the Edward John Noble Foundation, and was funded by these three institutions. We would like to thank Mike Halderson, Royce Hayes, Dr. Terry Norton, Dr. Joyce Parga, Von Kment, Deb Drury, Valley StipeMaas, Amanda Harris-Michael, Jade Parson, Leslie Paige, Kate Wholey, Max Billings, Dori Tignor, Ellie Kania, and Erin Quesenberry for their help and support with research and the care of the lemurs on St. Catherines Island. This research would not have been possible without the logistical and administrative support of Diana Wilson and Alison Davidson. This paper also significantly benefited from the comments and edits of two anonymous reviewers.
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McGuire, K.M., Sauther, M.L. Characterizing group and individual engagement in intergroup encounters between small groups of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) on St. Catherines Island, USA. Primates 64, 161–176 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-022-01036-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10329-022-01036-7