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Antimicrobial effectiveness of etidronate powder (Dual Rinse® HEDP) and two EDTA preparations against Enterococcus faecalis: a preliminary laboratory study

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Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of two chelating agents: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) combined or not with detergents, and etidronic acid combined with sterile saline. The bacterial inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC, respectively) were determined on Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 4083 strain. Antimicrobial tests were performed on a biofilm model after treatment with the chelating agents at different times (1, 3, and 5 min) using a biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) assays. Quantification of cell biomass and percentage of live and dead cells in the biomass was assessed for each group. The normality of the distributions for each variable was assessed using the D’Agostino and Pearson’s omnibus normality test. The comparison of bacterial viability among groups and between any two groups was performed using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance and the Dunn’s test, respectively. No significant between-group difference was observed regarding biomass reduction. On the other hand, EDTA combined with detergents displayed a substantial increase of the dead bacteria ranging between 35 and 43%; whereas, the number of cells killed in the control group and in the other treated groups always ranged between 1 and 6%, at all experimental times. The addition of detergents to EDTA can improve its anti-biofilm activity by reducing EPS production and enhancing the killing of sessile bacterial cells. Clinical relevance EDTA presents a relevant antimicrobial activity when combined with surface-active agents.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Freelance Researcher, Crotone, Italy

    Luciano Giardino

  2. IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

    Paolo Savadori & Massimo Del Fabbro

  3. Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences With Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy

    Luigi Generali

  4. Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Zahed Mohammadi

  5. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Del Fabbro

  6. Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

    Elena De Vecchi & Alessandro Bidossi

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  1. Luciano Giardino
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Correspondence to Massimo Del Fabbro.

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Giardino, L., Savadori, P., Generali, L. et al. Antimicrobial effectiveness of etidronate powder (Dual Rinse® HEDP) and two EDTA preparations against Enterococcus faecalis: a preliminary laboratory study. Odontology 108, 396–405 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-020-00499-8

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