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Orthotropic bone remodelling around uncemented femoral implant: a comparison with isotropic formulation

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Abstract

Peri-prosthetic bone adaptation has usually been predicted using subject-specific finite element analysis in combination with remodelling algorithms and assuming isotropic bone material property. The objective of the study is to develop an orthotropic bone remodelling algorithm for evaluation of peri-prosthetic bone adaptation in the uncemented implanted femur. The simulations considered loading conditions from a variety of daily activities. The orthotropic algorithm was tested on 2D and 3D models of the intact femur for verification of predicted results. The predicted orthotropic directionality, based on principal stress directions, was in agreement with the trabecular orientation in a micro-CT data of proximal femur. The validity of the proposed strain-based algorithm was assessed by comparing the predicted results of the orthotropic model with those of the strain-energy-density-based isotropic formulation. Despite agreement in cortical densities \((R = 0.71)\), the isotropic remodelling algorithm tends to predict relatively higher values around the distal tip of the implant as compared to the orthotropic model. Both formulations predicted 4–8% bone resorption in the proximal femur. A linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation \((R = 0.99)\) between the stresses and strains on the cortex of the proximal femur, predicted by the isotropic and orthotropic formulations. Despite reasonable agreement in peri-prosthetic bone density distributions, the quantitative differences with isotropic model predictions highlight the combined influences of bone orthotropy and mechanical stimulus in the adaptation process.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to convey our gratitude to Dr. Joydeep Banerjee Chowdhury, Head of the Department of Orthopaedics in AMRI Hospital, Salt Lake, Kolkata, India, for his clinical suggestions on total hip replacement surgery.

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721 302, India

    Basil Mathai & Sanjay Gupta

  2. School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721 302, India

    Santanu Dhara

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Correspondence to Sanjay Gupta.

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Appendix 1

Appendix 1

The orthotropic remodelling algorithm was verified using a simplified orthotropic remodelling algorithm applied on a 2D model of proximal femur. The dominant material direction in the computational domain was calculated and Young’s modulus were modified according to the strain stimulus (Sect.  2.2). The results are depicted in Fig. 9.

Fig. 9
figure 9

Orthotropic bone adaptation in 2D FE model of a proximal femur; a FE model with applied loading and boundary conditions, b main functional groups of trabeculae, c predicted material orientation of maximum principal stress: arrows represents dominant material direction groups and are coloured according to Young’s modulus values, d material orientation of minimum principal stress; arrows represents dominant compressive groups and are coloured according to Young’s modulus values e evolution of bone density distributions

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Mathai, B., Dhara, S. & Gupta, S. Orthotropic bone remodelling around uncemented femoral implant: a comparison with isotropic formulation. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 20, 1115–1134 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-021-01436-6

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