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The influence of an extra-articular implant on bone remodelling of the knee joint

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Abstract

Bone remodelling is a crucial feature of maintaining healthy bones. The loading conditions on the bones are one of the key aspects which affect the bone remodelling cycle. Many implants, such as hip and knee implants, affect the natural loading conditions and hence influence bone remodelling. Theoretical and numerical methods, such as adaptive bone remodelling, can be used to investigate how an implant affects bone mineral density (BMD). This research aimed to study the influence of an extra-articular implant on bone remodelling of the knee joint using adaptive bone remodelling. Initially, a finite element (FE) model of the knee joint was created. A user-defined material subroutine was developed to generate a heterogeneous BMD distribution in the FE model. The heterogeneous density was then assigned to the knee model with the implant in order to investigate how the implant would affect BMD of the knee joint, five years postoperatively. It was observed that in the medial compartments of the femur and tibia, bone mineral density increased by approximately 3.4% and 4.1%, respectively, and the density for the fixation holes of both bones increased by around 2.2%. From these results, it is concluded that implanting of this load-sharing device does not result in significantly adverse BMD changes in the femur and tibia.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Frank Richter for his assistance regarding the principles of UMAT subroutines for bone remodelling purposes. J.E. Gubaua and G.W.O. Dicati would like to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

    Mehdi Saeidi, Thomas Neitzert & Maziar Ramezani

  2. Laboratory of Computational Solid Mechanics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil

    José Eduardo Gubaua, Gabriela Wessling Oening Dicati & Jucélio Tomás Pereira

  3. Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Piaras Kelly & Thor Besier

  4. Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Mousa Kazemi & Thor Besier

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  1. Mehdi Saeidi
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Correspondence to Piaras Kelly.

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Saeidi, M., Gubaua, J.E., Kelly, P. et al. The influence of an extra-articular implant on bone remodelling of the knee joint. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 19, 37–46 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-019-01193-7

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