Abstract
Reanalysis datasets have been widely used in oceanography and climate change studies. We evaluate the applicability of eight reanalysis datasets in the Yellow and Bohai seas (YBS), including ERA5, SODA3.4.2, GREPv2, C-GLORSv7, GLORYS2v4, ORAS5, CORAv1.0, and CORAv2.0, compared to the observation data from the oceanic stations and an observation-based dataset of global instantaneous 3D thermohaline fields (ARMOR3D). The results show that the sea surface temperature (SST) of ERA5, ORAS5, and GREPv2 agrees with the observations, while the temperature profiles of C-GLORSv7 and GREPv2 are in good agreement with the ARMOR3D observation. In terms of ocean salinity, the salinity profile of the CORA series is in better agreement than other reanalysis datasets. Overall, GREPv2 is more consistent with seawater temperature observations in the YBS than others, while the CORA series reproduces the salinity variation better. GREPv2, a multi-model ensemble product, delivers a better depiction of seawater temperature and salinity than that of the individual member dataset. Most reanalysis datasets can reproduce the interannual variation of SST in the YBS well with improved performance in the last decade. The spatial distribution differences occur mostly in offshore waters with a warmer but less salinity bias.
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Data availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The following datasets are used for the analysis: ERA5 dataset is downloaded from http://apps.ecmwf.int/data-catalogues/era5/?class=ea; SODA3.4.2 dataset is sourced from https://www2.atmos.umd.edu/~ocean/index_files/soda3.4.2_mn_download_b.htm; GREPv2 dataset is downloaded from https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/products0); CORAv1.0 and CORAv2.0 datasets are downloaded from http://mds.nmdis.org.cn/pages/dataViewDetail.html?dataSetId=48. The observational temperature and salinity data from six ocean stations can be downloaded from http://mds.nmdis.org.cn/pages/dataViewDetail.html?dataSetId=9. ARMOR3D dataset is obtained from https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00052.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China (42206246, 41977406), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0719104), 111 project (B20011), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2-9-2020-007).
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Yan, Y., Zhou, Y., Xu, Y. et al. Assessment of the spatiotemporal variability of seawater temperature and salinity in the Yellow and Bohai seas from multiple high-resolution reanalysis datasets. Ocean Dynamics 73, 557–573 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01567-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01567-7