Abstract
Backfill mining is an environmentally friendly and sustainable application that mitigates subsidence and prevents water inrush. A quantitative analysis method to assess the risks of water inrush and subsidence due to backfill mining was established combining a modified analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with fuzzy evaluation. The model considers three criteria and 12 factors to determine the weight of each index and criterion based on the modified AHP. Then, the fuzzy relation of the evaluation index to the risk degree was assessed. Following the fuzzy operation involving evaluation matrices, the risk degree was comprehensively evaluated based on a case study of the Lvgou Coal Mine. Mining activity was the most important factor in the risk of water inrush, followed by geological conditions. High-risk areas were transformed into low-risk areas by the use of backfill mining rather than caving mining, which effectively validated the accuracy of the evaluation model. This study also offers an effective reference source for practical engineering and for the formulation of prevention and control measures to ensure safe mining under aquifers and buildings.
Zusammenfassung
Der Versatzbergbau ist eine umweltfreundliche und nachhaltige Methode, die Setzungen abmildert und Wassereinbrüche verhindert. Es wurde eine quantitative Analysemethode zur Bewertung der Risiken von Wassereinbrüchen und Setzungen durch den Versatzbergbau entwickelt, die einen modifizierten analytischen Hierarchieprozess (AHP) mit einer Fuzzy-Bewertung kombiniert. Das Modell berücksichtigt drei Kriterien und 12 Faktoren, um die Gewichtung der einzelnen Indizes und Kriterien auf der Grundlage des modifizierten AHP zu bestimmen. Anschließend wurde die Fuzzy-Beziehung zwischen dem Bewertungsindex und dem Risikograd bewertet. Nach der Fuzzy-Operation mit Bewertungsmatrizen wurde der Risikograd anhand einer Fallstudie des Kohlebergwerks Lvgou umfassend bewertet. Die Bergbautätigkeit war der wichtigste Faktor für das Risiko eines Wassereinbruchs, gefolgt von den geologischen Bedingungen. Hochgefährdete Gebiete wurden durch den Einsatz von Versatzbergbau anstelle von Höhlenbergbau in Gebiete mit geringem Risiko umgewandelt, was die Genauigkeit des Bewertungsmodells effektiv bestätigte. Diese Studie bietet auch eine wirksame Referenzquelle für die technische Praxis und für die Formulierung von Präventions- und Kontrollmaßnahmen, um einen sicheren Bergbau unter Grundwasserleitern und Gebäuden zu gewährleisten.
Resumen
La minería de relleno es una aplicación sostenible y respetuosa con el medio ambiente que mitiga los hundimientos y evita las irrupciones de agua. Se estableció un método de análisis cuantitativo para evaluar los riesgos de irrupción de agua y hundimiento debidos a la minería de relleno combinando un proceso de jerarquía analítica (AHP) modificado con una evaluación difusa. El modelo tiene en cuenta 3 criterios y 12 factores para determinar el peso de cada índice y criterio basándose en el AHP modificado. A continuación, se evaluó la relación difusa del índice de evaluación con el grado de riesgo. Tras la operación difusa con las matrices de evaluación, se evaluó exhaustivamente el grado de riesgo a partir de un estudio de caso de la mina de carbón de Lvgou. La actividad minera fue el factor más importante en el riesgo de irrupción de agua, seguido de las condiciones geológicas. Las zonas de alto riesgo se transformaron en zonas de bajo riesgo mediante el uso de la minería de relleno en lugar de la minería de espeleología, lo que validó eficazmente la precisión del modelo de evaluación. Este estudio también ofrece una fuente de referencia eficaz para la ingeniería práctica y para la formulación de medidas de prevención y control que garanticen la seguridad de la minería bajo los acuíferos y las construcciones.
抽象的
充填开采可减小沉降和防止突水, 是一种环境友好和可持续的应用技术。利用修正的层次分析法(AHP)和模糊评价, 建立了一种定量评估充填开采引起突水和沉降风险的方法。基于修正的层次分析(AHP), 模型考虑了三个标准和12个因素, 确定了每个指标和标准的权重。然后, 评估了评价指标与风险程度的模糊关系。在评价矩阵的模糊运算之后, 以吕沟煤矿为例, 综合评价了风险程度。采矿活动是引发突水风险的最重要因, 其次是地质条件。充填开采(而不是冒落开采)将高风险区转化为低风险区, 验证了评价模型的准确性。研究还为含水层和建筑物下安全开采的工程实践和防控措施提供了有益参考。
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The authors acknowledge the financial support received from the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province under Grant 212102310596 and Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province under Grant 21A410003 of Education Dept, Henan Province.
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Liu, J., Yang, B., Yuan, S. et al. A Fuzzy Analytical Process to Assess the Risk of Disaster when Backfill Mining Under Aquifers and Buildings. Mine Water Environ 40, 891–901 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-021-00822-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-021-00822-x