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A Set of Methods to Predict Water Inrush from an Ordovician Karst Aquifer: A Case Study from the Chengzhuang Mine, China

Eine Zusammenstellung von Methoden zur Vorhersage von Wassereinbrüchen aus einem ordovizischen Karstaquifer – eine Fallstudie von der Chengzhuang-Mine, China

Un conjunto de métodos para predecir la irrupción de agua de un acuífero kárstico ordovícico: un estudio de caso de la mina Chengzhuang, China

预测奥陶系灰岩含水层突水系列方法-以成庄矿(中国)为例

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Abstract

To ensure safe mining of the 3153 working face in the Chengzhuang mine, with its thin aquifuge, we developed a complete set of methods, including transient electromagnetics, drilling, a water injection experiment, and a numerical simulation based on a new constitutive model. Thus, the groundwater distribution, the aquifuge thickness, and the floor damage thickness were obtained successively and the results from each method could be mutually verified. The main results were: (1) The floor damage thickness decreases when the backfill affects the floor, and further thickens as the hanging roof area increases. (2) Under cyclic loading, tension and compression damage zones are connected. The deepest compression damage lags the coal wall, while the point of maximum tensile damage lags the deepest compression damage zone, thus forming an inclined water-conductive zone.

Zusammenfassung

Um einen sicheren Abbau vom Abbaustoß 3153 in der Chengzhuang-Mine mit ihrem geringmächtigen Grundwassernichtleiter zu ermöglichen, wurde eine Reihe an Methoden entwickelt, die neben Transienten Elektromagnetik, Bohrungen und Experimenten zur Wasserverpressung auch eine numerische Simulation basierend auf einem neuen konstitutiven Modell umfassten. Auf diese Weise konnte die Grundwasserverteilung, die Mächtigkeit des Grundwassernichtleiters und die Ausdehnung von Sohlschäden sukzessive ermittelt und die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Methoden gegenseitig verifiziert werden. Die Hauptergebnisse waren: (1) Die Ausdehnung von Sohlschäden nimmt ab, wenn der Versatz die Sohle beeinträchtigt und nimmt mit zunehmender Fläche der ungestützten Decke weiter zu. (2) Bei zyklischer Belastung besteht eine Verbindung zwischen durch Spannung oder Druck verursachten Schadenszonen. Die tiefste Druckverformung folgt der Kohlefront, während der Punkt maximalen Zugschadens der tiefsten Druckverformungszone nachfolgt, wodurch eine geneigte wasserleitende Zone gebildet wird.

Resumen

Para garantizar la extracción segura de la cara de trabajo 3153 en la mina Chengzhuang, con su delgada acuífuga, desarrollamos un conjunto completo de métodos, que incluyen electromagnetismo transitorio, perforación, un experimento de inyección de agua y una simulación numérica basada en un nuevo modelo constitutivo. Así, la distribución del agua subterránea, el espesor del acuífero y el espesor del daño del piso se obtuvieron sucesivamente y los resultados de cada método se pudieron verificar mutuamente. Los principales resultados fueron: (1) El espesor del daño en el piso disminuye cuando el relleno afecta el piso y se vuelve más grande a medida que aumenta el área del techo colgante. (2) Bajo carga cíclica, las zonas de daño de tensión y compresión están conectadas. El daño de compresión más profundo se retrasa en la pared de carbón, mientras que el punto de máximo daño a la tracción queda retrasado en la zona de daño de compresión más profunda, formando así una zona inclinada de conducción de agua.

成庄矿(中国)3153工作面煤层底板隔水层较薄,为保障安全产,建立了一套安全防治水方法,包括瞬变电磁、钻探、注水试验和基于新结构模型的数值模拟方法。该套方法可以连续获取地下水分布、隔水层厚度和底板破坏深度,各方法之间相互验证。主要结论:(1) 当充填影响到底板时,底板破坏带厚度减少;当悬顶面积增大时,底板破坏带厚度增大;(2)在周期来压作用下,拉张和压缩破坏区相连。最深压缩破坏落后于煤壁,而最大拉张破坏点又落后于最深压缩破坏区,这样形成了倾斜的导水区。

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely thank Mr. Wang Qiang at Southeast University for providing work stations and related data access. This work was supported by the Research Innovation Program for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province (KYLX16_0537) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51704280). We also thank the anonymous referees for their careful reading of this article and valuable suggestions.

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Correspondence to Haibo Bai.

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Li, H., Bai, H., Wu, J. et al. A Set of Methods to Predict Water Inrush from an Ordovician Karst Aquifer: A Case Study from the Chengzhuang Mine, China. Mine Water Environ 38, 39–48 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-018-00572-3

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