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Photodynamic therapy decrease immune-inflammatory mediators levels during periodontal maintenance

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Abstract

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was introduced as a promising adjuvant therapy on the periodontal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aPDT on inflammatory mediator levels in residual periodontal pockets of patients with severe chronic periodontitis under periodontal maintenance, during 12 months follow-up. A randomized controlled trial study was conducted in 28 patients with severe chronic periodontitis. After non-surgical periodontal treatment, patients with at least four teeth with residual pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥4 mm were randomly assigned to either aPDT or control group. The aPDT (low power laser: 660 nm, 40 mW, 90 J/cm2, methylene blue 0.01 %) was performed at baseline and 3, 6, and 9 months. Clinical parameters were collected before and 3 and 12 months after the intervention, and gingival crevicular fluid was collected in the same times, including 1 week after the intervention. Immunological evaluation was carried out using the Luminex assay which quantified the expression of ten cytokines: interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-1ra, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-4, and IL-10. All clinical variables showed significant improvement for both groups, but there was no statistical difference between groups with no clinical benefits. IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, and VEGF showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups, whereas IL-1ra mediators, IFN-γ, and IL-10 demonstrated a statistical difference (p < 0.01) over time in the same group. At any time, FGF, IL-4, and TNF-α showed no statistical difference between groups (p > 0.05). aPDT therapy can improve the benefits on inflammation control during the periodontal maintenance.

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Notes

  1. Gainesville, FL, USA.

  2. Periopaper, PerioCol Collection Strip, Oraflow, Plainview, NY, USA.

  3. Mini Piezon—E.M.S. Electro Medical Systems S.A., Nyon, Switzerland; GCF sample collection.

  4. Hu-Friedy—Chicago, IL, USA.

  5. Chimiolux®, Hypofarma, Belo Horizonte, MG, Braz

  6. Laser Hand®—MM Optics, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.

  7. Laser Check® Coherent Molectron, Portland, USA

  8. Periotron 6000, IDE Interstate, Amityville, NY, USA.

  9. Human Cytokine Premixed Kit, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA.

  10. Bio Rad, Hercules, CA, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitaria, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP: 05508-000, Brazil

    Priscila Vivas da Cruz Andrade, Vanessa Tubero Euzebio Alves, Verônica Franco de Carvalho, Michelle De Franco Rodrigues, Claudio Mendes Pannuti, Marinella Holzhausen, Giorgio De Micheli & Marina Clemente Conde

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  1. Priscila Vivas da Cruz Andrade
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  2. Vanessa Tubero Euzebio Alves
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  3. Verônica Franco de Carvalho
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  4. Michelle De Franco Rodrigues
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  5. Claudio Mendes Pannuti
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  6. Marinella Holzhausen
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  7. Giorgio De Micheli
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  8. Marina Clemente Conde
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Correspondence to Marina Clemente Conde.

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Conflict of interest

This study was supported by the Sao Paulo State Research Foundation—FAPESP (#2010/20157-3). The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in this study. Clinical Trial Gov Registration: NTC010345.

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da Cruz Andrade, P.V., Euzebio Alves, V.T., de Carvalho, V.F. et al. Photodynamic therapy decrease immune-inflammatory mediators levels during periodontal maintenance. Lasers Med Sci 32, 9–17 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-2076-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-016-2076-7

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