Abstract
The organic wastes generated from centralized wholesale markets from urban centres are predominantly disposed in dumpsites/landfills. Although anaerobic digestion (AD) of wastes is a promising option for producing bio-fuel, the key barrier is the limitation in the waste conversion efficiency that demands the need for the organic waste pretreatment. Hence, the extrusion pre-treatment of wastes prior to AD of slaughterhouse wastes (ESHW) with mixed vegetable, fruit and flower market wastes (EVMW), from a centralized-wholesale market in an urban area, was studied in batch and continuous AD processes. Batch experiments were carried out in mono- and co-digestion modes of extruded wastes. The results of the batch study revealed maximum specific methane yield of 354.9 mLN/g oDM during anaerobic co-digestion of extruded slaughterhouse wastes with mixed vegetable, fruit and flower market wastes in 1:3 proportion (ESHW/EVMW). Based on these results, lab-scale continuous reactor study (15 L) at varying organic loading rates (OLR) was carried out and the maximum biogas yield of 618.5 mLN/g oDM with a methane content of 62.6% and energy potential of 12.2 MJ/kg DM was obtained for extruded wastes at an OLR of 2.5 g oDM/L/d (E) when compared with non-extruded wastes that showed biogas potential of 503.7 mLN/g oDM (with energy potential of 10.2 MJ/kg DM). The outcome of the study revealed that extrusion pretreatment along with anaerobic co-digestion resulted in an increase in the biogas production therein showing enhancement in green energy production during anaerobic co-treatment of centralized wholesale market and slaughterhouse wastes in urban centres.
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Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the Indo-German Science and Technology Centre (IGSTC) (Grant number 01DQ15007A) under Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for funding under the 2 + 2 Project “Resource and energy reliability by co-digestion of veg-market and slaughterhouse waste”. The authors also thank the Director, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute for providing support to carry out the research work (CSIR-CLRI communication no. 1383). The authors also thank the Industrial partners of this project (Lehmann-UMT GmbH, Germany & Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd., India) for their support.
Funding
Indo-German Science and Technology Centre (IGSTC) (Grant number 01DQ15007A) under Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for funding under the 2 + 2 Project “Resource and energy reliability by co-digestion of veg-market and slaughterhouse waste”.
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VM and SVS were responsible for conceptualization. VM was involved in methodology, investigation, data curation, original draft preparation, reviewing and editing. RB supported for performing the reaction. VM, PMBR and RB performed formal analysis. CJS, SVS and DW reviewed the results and manuscript. DW and SVS were involved in funding acquisition. SVS and RS were involved in supervision and project administration. RS was involved in project coordination.
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Mozhiarasi, V., Balakumar, R., Benish Rose, P.M. et al. Enhancing methane production by anaerobic co-digestion of extruded organic wastes from slaughterhouse and vegetable market in batch and continuous processes. Clean Techn Environ Policy 23, 2727–2740 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02198-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02198-6