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Molecular characterization of intestinal carriage of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among inpatients at two Iranian university hospitals: first report of co-production of bla NDM-7 and bla OXA-48

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Abstract

Gastrointestinal colonization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) could serve as a reservoir for the transmission of these pathogens in the clinical setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal carriage of CRE and to analyze risk factors for CRE carriage. Rectal swabs were collected from 95 patients at two Iranian university hospitals. CRE screening was performed using selective media (CHROMagar and MacConkey agar). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect carbapenemase-encoding genes. Clonal relatedness was investigated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The rate of carriage of CRE in hospitalized patients was 37.9%. Overall, 54 CRE isolates were identified, of which 47 were carbapenemase-producers. All of the 54 CRE were detected using CHROMagar compared with 52 CRE detected using MacConkey agar. Fifteen patients were colonized by multiple CRE isolates. Three significant risk factors for CRE carriage were detected: intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization, antibiotic exposure, and mechanical ventilation. bla OXA-48 was the most frequent carbapenemase detected, followed by bla NDM-1 and bla NDM-7. Eleven carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) isolates co-harbored bla NDM-1 and bla OXA-48. Also, six CPE isolates co-harbored bla NDM-7 and bla OXA-48. We did not detect bla KPC, bla GES, bla IMP, or bla VIM. PFGE analysis showed that Escherichia coli clones were diverse, while Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were divided into four clusters. Cluster I was the major clone carrying bla OXA-48 and bla CTX-M-15 genes. In our study, the carriage rate of CRE was high and the emergence of CPE isolates among patients is alarming. The implementation of adequate preventive measures such as active surveillance is urgently needed to control the spread of CPE in the healthcare setting.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Pasteur Institute of Iran. The authors would like to thank the personnel of the Pasture Institute of Iran and the staff of both hospitals for their help. Also, the authors are grateful to Dr. Ehsan Mostafavi for help with the statistical analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bacteriology, Microbiology Research Centre, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    H. Solgi, F. Badmasti & F. Shahcheraghi

  2. Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Z. Aminzadeh

  3. Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

    C. G. Giske

  4. Infectious Diseases Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    M. Pourahmad

  5. Department of Tuberculosis and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    F. Vaziri

  6. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    S. A. Havaei

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  1. H. Solgi
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Correspondence to F. Shahcheraghi.

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Ethical statement

This project was done based on ethical guidelines as previously approved by the Pasteur institute of Iran (project no: IR.PII.REC.1395.51).

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Solgi, H., Badmasti, F., Aminzadeh, Z. et al. Molecular characterization of intestinal carriage of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae among inpatients at two Iranian university hospitals: first report of co-production of bla NDM-7 and bla OXA-48 . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 36, 2127–2135 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-017-3035-3

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