Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optimization of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel using response surface methodology

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Food Science and Biotechnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The efficient extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peels using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was investigated. A Box–Behnken design was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables (water content, liquid-to-solid ratio, ultrasonic power, and extraction time) on total polyphenol content (TPC), punicalagin content (PC), and ellagic acid content (EC). Optimized DES-based UAE conditions were as follows: TPC (water content, 29.30%; liquid-to-solid ratio, 53.50 mL/g; ultrasonic power, 238.20 W; extraction time, 29.50 min), PC (water content, 25.65%; liquid-to-solid ratio, 44.20 mL/g; ultrasonic power, 120 W; extraction time, 20 min), and EC (water content, 33.13%; liquid-to-solid ratio, 60 mL/g; ultrasonic power, 300 W; extraction time, 20 min). Under these optimal conditions, the experimental values for TPC, PC, and EC were 67.50 mg GAE/g, 130.65 mg/g, and 2.04 mg/g, respectively; these values were consistent with the predicted values.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • An JY, Wang LT, Lv MJ, Wang JD, Cai ZH, Wang YQ, Zhang S, Yang Q, Fu YJ. An efficiency strategy for extraction and recovery of ellagic acid from waste chestnut shell and its biological activity evaluation. Microchemical Journal. 160: 105616 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bubalo MC, Vidović S, Radojčić Redovniković I, Jokić S. New perspective in extraction of plant biologically active compounds by green solvents. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 109: 52-73 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cao Q, Yan J, Sun Z, Gong L, Wu H, Tan S, Lei Y, Jiang Bo, Wang Y. Simultaneous optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction for total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of the tender stem of Triarrhena lutarioriparia using response surface methodology. Food Science and Biotechnology, 30: 37-45 (2021).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Covarrubias-Cárdenas AG, Martínez-Castillo JI, Medina-Torres N, Ayora-Talavera T, Espinosa-Andrews H, García-Cruz NU, Pacheco N. Antioxidant capacity and UPLC-PDA ESI-MS phenolic profile of Stevia rebaudiana dry powder extracts obtained by ultrasound assisted extraction. Agronomy. 8: 1-13 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunha SC, Fernandes JO. Extraction techniques with deep eutectic solvents. Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 105: 225-239 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derakhshan Z, Ferrante M, Tadi M, Ansari F, Heydari A, Hosseini MS, Conti GO, Sadrabad EK. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of pomegranate peels, juice and seeds. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 114: 108-111 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dordevic BS, Todorovic ZB, Troter DZ, Stanojevic LP, Stojanovic GS, Dalovic IG, Mitrovic PM, Veljkovic VB. Extraction of phenolic compounds from black mustard (Brassica nigra L.) seed by deep eutectic solvents. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 15: 1931-1938 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Espada-Bellido E, Ferreiro-González M, Carrera C, Palma M, Barroso CG, Barbero GF. Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds in mulberry (Morus nigra) pulp. Food Chemistry. 219: 23-32 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Folin O, Ciocalteu V. On tyrosine and tryptophan determinations in proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 73: 627-650 (1927)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • García G, Aparicio S, Ullah R, Atilhan M. Deep eutectic solvents: Physicochemical properties and gas separation applications. Energy and Fuels. 29: 2616-2644 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hao C, Chen L, Dong H, Xing W, Xue F, Cheng Y. Extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae radix using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activities. ACS Omeg. 5: 23140-23147 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Corroto E, Plaza M, Marina ML, García MC. Sustainable extraction of proteins and bioactive substances from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) using pressurized liquids and deep eutectic solvents. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies. 60: 102314 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang Y, Feng F, Jiang J, Qiao Y, Wu T, Voglmeir J, Chen ZG. Green and efficient extraction of rutin from tartary buckwheat hull by using natural deep eutectic solvents. Food Chemistry. 221: 1400-1405 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez-Moreno N, Esparza I, Bimbela F, Gandía LM, Ancín-Azpilicueta C. Valorization of selected fruit and vegetable wastes as bioactive compounds: Opportunities and challenges. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 50: 2061-2108 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joglekar AM, May AT. Product excellence through design of experiments. Cereal Foods World. 32:857-868 (1987)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jovanović AA, Đorđević VB, Zdunić GM, Pljevljakušić DS, Šavikin KP, Gođevac DM, Bugarski BM. Optimization of the extraction process of polyphenols from Thymus serpyllum L. herb using maceration, heat- and ultrasound-assisted techniques. Separation and Purification Technology. 179: 369-380 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kazemi M, Karim R, Mirhosseini H, Abdul Hamid A. Optimization of pulsed ultrasound-assisted technique for extraction of phenolics from pomegranate peel of Malas variety: Punicalagin and hydroxybenzoic acids. Food Chemistry. 206: 156-166 (2016)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Machado APDF, Sumere BR, Mekaru C, Martinez J, Bezerra RMN, Rostagno M A. Extraction of polyphenols and antioxidants from pomegranate peel using ultrasound: influence of temperature, frequency and operation mode. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. 54: 2792-2801 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Magangana TP, Makunga NP, Fawole OA, Opara UL. Effect of solvent extraction and blanching pre-treatment on phytochemical, antioxidant properties, enzyme inactivation and antibacterial activities of ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate peel extracts. Processes. 9: 1-24 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mansur AR, Song NE, Jang HW, Lim TG, Yoo M, Nam TG. Optimizing the ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of flavonoids in common buckwheat sprouts. Food Chemistry. 293: 438-445 (2019)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Solano KC, Garcia-Carrera N A, Tejada-Ortigoza V, García-Cayuela T, Garcia-Amezquita LE. Ultrasound application for the extraction and modification of fiber-rich by-products. Food Engineering Reviews. 13: 524-543 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melgarejo-Sánchez P, Núñez-Gómez D, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Hernández F, Legua P, Melgarejo, P. (2021). Pomegranate variety and pomegranate plant part, relevance from bioactive point of view: a review. Bioresources and Bioprocessing. 8: 1-29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ojha KS, Aznar R, O’Donnell C, Tiwari BK. Ultrasound technology for the extraction of biologically active molecules from plant, animal and marine sources. Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 122: 115663 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pal CBT, Jadeja GC. Deep eutectic solvent-based extraction of polyphenolic antioxidants from onion (Allium cepa L.) peel. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 99: 1969-1979 (2019)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radošević K, Ćurko N, Srček VG, Bubalo MC, Tomašević M., Ganić KK, Redovniković IR. Natural deep eutectic solvents as beneficial extractants for enhancement of plant extracts bioactivity. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 73: 45-51 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raj GVSB, Dash KK. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phytocompounds from dragon fruit peel: Optimization, kinetics and thermodynamic studies. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. 68: 105180 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajha HN, Mhanna T, Kantar SE, Khoury, AE, Louka N, Maroun RG. Innovative process of polyphenol recovery from pomegranate peels by combining green deep eutectic solvents and a new infrared technology. LWT- Food Science and Technology. 111: 138-146 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharayei P, Azarpazhooh E, Zomorodi S, Ramaswamy HS. Ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel. LWT- Food Science and Technology. 101: 342-350 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh B, Singh JP, Kaur A, Singh N. Phenolic compounds as beneficial phytochemicals in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel: A review. Food Chemistry. 261: 75-86 (2018)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh M, Jha A, Kumar A, Hettiarachchy N, Rai AK, Sharma D. Influence of the solvents on the extraction of major phenolic compounds (punicalagin, ellagic acid and gallic acid) and their antioxidant activities in pomegranate aril. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 51: 2070-2077 (2014)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wu L, Li L, Chen S, Wang L, Lin X. Deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Moringa oleifera L. leaves: Optimization, comparison and antioxidant activity. Separation and Purification Technology. 247: 117014 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xue H, Tan J, Li Q, Tang J, Cai X. Optimization ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of anthocyanins from raspberry using response surface methodology coupled with genetic algorithm. Foods. 9: 1409 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yan L, Zhou X, Shi L, Shalimu D, Ma C, Liu Y. Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of six Chinese pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. International Journal of Food Properties. 20: S94-S107 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y, Zheng J, Gan RY, Zhou T, Xu DP, Li HB. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of antioxidants from the mung bean coat. Molecules. 22: 638 (2017)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Živković J, Šavikin K, Janković T, Ćujić N, Menković N. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from pomegranate peel using response surface methodology. Separation and Purification Technology. 194: 40-47 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea

    Hae Jin Kim & Kyung Young Yoon

Authors
  1. Hae Jin Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kyung Young Yoon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kyung Young Yoon.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kim, H.J., Yoon, K.Y. Optimization of ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from pomegranate peel using response surface methodology. Food Sci Biotechnol 32, 1851–1860 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-023-01298-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-023-01298-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation