Abstract
A systematic understanding of the physical and mechanical behavior of high-temperature rocks after different cooling methods can provide a theoretical basis for underground coal gasification and geothermal resource exploitation. In this study, a series of tests were carried out, including wave velocity and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test, to analyze the dynamic mechanical properties of thermal-treated sandstone with different heating temperatures (25 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C) under nature, water, and liquid nitrogen cooling treatment. The dynamic stress–strain curves of rock were obtained, and the relationships between three parameters (dynamic strength, elastic modulus, and peak strain) and temperature were investigated. The fragments after impact compression were collected for the screening test, and the degree of fragmentation of sandstone after different heating temperatures and cooling treatments was discussed. The results demonstrate that under the three cooling treatments, the wave velocity, elastic modulus, and dynamic peak strength of sandstone decrease with the increase in thermal treatment temperature while the peak strain and fracture degree increase as the temperature rises. When the temperature is higher than 400 °C, the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone significantly deteriorate. Compared with natural cooling, the rapid cooling of water and liquid nitrogen more severely damages the thermal treatment sandstone. Moreover, the invasion of water weakens the connection between mineral particles, leading to the most significant deterioration of the mechanical properties.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brotons V, Tomás R, Ivorra S, Grediaga A (2014) Relationship between static and dynamic elastic modulus of calcarenite heated at different temperatures: the san Julián’s stone. Bull Eng Geol Environ 73(3):791–799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-014-0583-y
Collin M, Rowcliffe D (2000) Analysis and prediction of thermal shock in brittle materials. Acta Mater 48:1655–1665
Dai F, Huang S, Xia KW, Tan ZY (2010) Some fundamental issues in dynamic compression and tension tests of rocks using split Hopkinson pressure bar. Rock Mech Rock Eng 43(6):657–666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-010-0091-8
Ersoy H, Kolaylı H, Karahan M, Harputlu Karahan H, Sünnetci MO (2019) Effect of thermal damage on mineralogical and strength properties of basic volcanic rocks exposed to high temperatures. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78(3):1515–1525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1208-z
Fan LF, Gao JW, Du XL, Wu ZJ (2020) Spatial gradient distributions of thermal shock induced damage of granite. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 12:917–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.05.004
Fan LF, Gao JW, Wu ZJ, Yang SQ, Ma GW (2018) An investigation of thermal effects on micro-properties of granite by X-ray CT technique. Appl Therm Eng 140:505–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.05.074
Fan LF, Wu ZJ, Wan Z, Gao JW (2017) Experimental investigation of thermal effects on dynamic behavior of granite. Appl Therm Eng 125:94–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.007
Fan LF, Yang KC, Wang M, Wang LJ, Wu ZJ (2021) Experimental study on wave propagation through granite after high-temperature treatment. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 148:104946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104946
Fan LF, Yi XW, Ma GW (2013) Numerical manifold method (NMM) simulation of stress wave propagation through fractured rock mass. Int J Appl Mech 5(02):1350022. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1758825113500221
Faradonbeh RS, Taheri A, Karakus M (2021) Failure behaviour of a sandstone subjected to the systematic cyclic loading: insights from the double-criteria damage-controlled test. Method Rock Mech Rock Eng 54:5555–5575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02553-5
Fu-bao Z, Bo-bo S, Jian-wei C, Ling-jun M (2015) A new approach to control a serious mine fire with using LN2 as extinguishing media. Fire Technol 51(2):325–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-013-0351-8
Ge ZL, Sun Q (2018) Acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of granite after heating and cooling cycles. Eng Fract Mech 200:418–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.08.011
Hartlieb P, Toifl M, Kuchar F, Meisels R, Antretter T (2016) Thermo-physical properties of selected hard rocks and their relation to microwave-assisted comminution. Miner Eng 91:34–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.11.008
Jha MK, Verma AK, Maheshwar S, Chauhan A (2016) Study of temperature effect on thermal conductivity of Jhiri shale from upper Vindhyan. India Bull Eng Geol Environ 75(4):1657–1668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0829-3
Kim K, Kemeny J, Nickerson M (2014) Effect of rapid thermal cooling on mechanical rock properties. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47(6):2005–2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-013-0523-3
Kumari WGP, Ranjith PG, Perera MSA, Chen BK, Abdulagatov IM (2017) Temperature-dependent mechanical behaviour of Australian Strathbogie granite with different cooling treatments. Eng Geol 229:31–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.09.012
Li C, Hu YQ, Meng T, Jin PH, Zhao ZR, Zhang CW (2020a) Experimental study of the influence of temperature and cooling method on mechanical properties of granite: Implication for geothermal mining. Energy Sci Eng 8(5):1716–1728. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.627
Li Q, Yin TB, Li XB, Zhang SS (2020b) Effects of rapid cooling treatment on heated sandstone:a comparison between water and LN2 cooling. Bull Eng Geol Environ 79(2):313–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01571-6
Li QH, Zhao X, Xu SL, Gao X (2016) Influence of steel fiber on dynamic compressive behavior of hybrid fiber ultra high toughness cementitious composites at different strain rates. Constr Build Mater 125:490–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.066
Liu H, Zhang K, Shao SS, Ranjith PG (2020) Numerical investigation on the cooling-related mechanical properties of heated Australian Strathbogie granite using Discrete Element Method. Eng Geol 105371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105371
Liu S, Xu JY (2015a) An experimental study on the physico-mechanical properties of two post-high-temperature rocks. Eng Geol 185:63–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.11.013
Liu S, Xu JY (2015b) Effect of strain rate on the dynamic compressive mechanical behaviors of rock material subjected to high temperatures. Mech Mater 82:28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2014.12.006
Liu QS, Qian ZC, Wu ZJ (2019) Micro/macro physical and mechanical variation of red sandstone subjected to cyclic heating and cooling: an experimental study. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78(3):1485–1499. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1196-z
Lu YL, Wang LG, Sun XK, Wang J (2017) Experimental study of the influence of water and temperature on the mechanical behavior of mudstone and sandstone. Bull Eng Geol Environ 76(2):645–660. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-016-0851-0
Meng QB, Zhang MW, Han LJ, Pu H, Chen YL (2019) Experimental research on the influence of loading rate on the mechanical properties of limestone in a high-temperature state. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78(5):3479–3492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1332-4
Munoz H, Taheri A (2017) Specimen aspect ratio and progressive field strain development of sandstone under uniaxial compression by three-dimensional digital image correlation. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 9:599–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.01.005
Olasolo P, Juárez MC, Morales MP, Amico DS, Liarte IA (2016) Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS): a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 56:133–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.031
Peng J, Rong G, Yao MD, Wong LNY, Tang ZC (2019) Acoustic emission characteristics of a fine-grained marble with different thermal damages and specimen sizes. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78(6):4479–4491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1375-6
Qin L, Zhai C, Liu SM, Xu JZ (2018) Infrared thermal image and heat transfer characteristics of coal injected with LN2 under triaxial loading for coalbed methane recovery. Int J Heat Mass Tran 118:1231–1242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.11.051
Rathnaweera TD, Ranjith PG, Gu X, Perera MSA, Kumari WGP, Wanniarachchi WAM, Haque A, Li JC (2018) Experimental investigation of thermomechanical behaviour of clay-rich sandstone at extreme temperatures followed by cooling treatments. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 107:208–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.04.048
Shao ZL, Jia XY, Zhong XX, Wang DM, Wei J, Wang YM, Chen L (2018) Detection, extinguishing, and monitoring of a coal fire in Xinjiang. China Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(26):26603–26616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2715-6
Sha S, Rong G, Chen ZH, Li BW, Zhang ZY (2020) Experimental evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of geothermal reservoir rock after different cooling treatments. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53:1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02200-5
Shi BB, Zhou GH, Ma LJ (2018) Normalizing fire prevention technology and a ground Fixed Station for underground mine fires using LN2: a case study. Fire Technol 54(6):1887–1893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-018-0758-3
Sirdesai NN, Singh TN, Ranjith PG, Singh R (2017) Effect of varied durations of thermal treatment on the tensile strength of red sandstone. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50(1):205–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1047-4
Sirdesai NN, Mahanta B, Ranjith PG, Singh TN (2019) Effects of thermal treatment on physico-morphological properties of Indian fine-grained sandstone. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78(2):883–897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1149-6
Wang P, Xu JY, Fang XY, Wen M, Zheng GH, Wang PX (2017) Dynamic splitting tensile behaviors of red-sandstone subjected to repeated thermal shocks: deterioration and micro-mechanism. Eng Geol 223:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.04.012
Wang P, Yin TB, Li XB, Zhang SS, Bai L (2019) Dynamic properties of thermally treated granite subjected to cyclic impact loading. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52(4):991–1010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1606-y
Wang ZL, Hao SY (2017) Study on dynamic compressive mechanical properties and failure modes of heat-treated Granite. Lat Am J Solids Struct 14(4):657–673. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78253342
Wu XG, Huang ZW, Li R, Zhang SK, Wen HT, Hung PP, Dai XW, Zhang CC (2018) Investigation on the damage of high-temperature shale subjected to LN2 cooling. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 57:284–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2018.07.005
Wu XG, Huang ZW, Cheng Z, Zhang SK, Song HY, Zhao X (2019a) Effects of cyclic heating and LN2-cooling on the physical and mechanical properties of granite. Appl Therm Eng 156:99–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.046
Wu XG, Huang ZW, Song HY, Zhang SK, Cheng Z, Li R, Wen HT, Hung PP, Dai XW (2019b) Variations of physical and mechanical properties of heated granite after rapid cooling with LN2. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52(7):2123–2139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-018-1727-3
Xi Y, Wang W, Fan LF, Zha CQ, Li J, Liu GH (2021) Experimental and numerical investigations on rock-breaking mechanism of rotary percussion drilling with a single PDC cutter. J Pet Sci Eng 208:109227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109227
Yang RS, Fang SZ, Li WY, Wei GH, Li Q, Liang SF (2020) Temperature effects on dynamic compressive behavior of siliceous sandstone. Arab J Geosci 13(10):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-05370-2
Yin TB, Bai L, Li X, Li XB, Zhang SS (2018a) Effect of thermal treatment on the mode I fracture toughness of granite under dynamic and static coupling load. Eng Fract Mech 199:143–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.05.035
Yin TB, Zhang SS, Li XB, Bai L (2018b) A numerical estimate method of dynamic fracture initiation toughness of rock under high temperature. Eng Fract Mech 204:87–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2018.09.034
Yin TB, Li Q, Li XB (2019) Experimental investigation on mode I fracture characteristics of granite after cyclic heating and cooling treatments. Eng Fract Mech 222:106740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2019.106740
Yu PY, Pan P-Z, Feng GL, Wu ZH, Zhao SK (2020) Physico-mechanical properties of granite after cyclic thermal shock. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 12:693–706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.03.001
Zhang F, Zhang YH, Yu YD, Hu DW, Shao JF (2020a) Influence of cooling rate on thermal degradation of physical and mechanical properties of granite. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 129:104285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104285
Zhang J, Deng HW, Taheri A, Ke B, Liu CJ (2019) Deterioration and strain energy development of sandstones under quasi-static and dynamic loading after freeze-thaw cycles. Cold Reg Sci Technol 160:252–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.01.007
Zhang J, Deng HW, Taheri A, Ke B, Liu CJ, Yang XR (2018b) Degradation of physical and mechanical properties of sandstone subjected to freeze-thaw cycles and chemical erosion. Cold Reg Sci Technol 155:37–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.07.007
Zhang RR, Ma QY, Ping Q, Ma DD (2020b) Effect of hydrothermal coupling on energy evolution, damage, and microscopic characteristics of sandstone. High Temp Mater Process (london) 39(1):377–389. https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2020-0070
Zhang SK, Huang ZW, Zhang HY, Guo ZQ, Wu XG, Wang TY, Zhang CC, Xiong C (2018a) Experimental study of thermal-crack characteristics on hot dry rock impacted by LN2 jet. Geothermics 76:253–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2018.08.002
Zhang ZZ, Gao F, Xu XL (2011) Experimental study of temperature effect of mechanical properties of granite. Rock and Soil Mechanics 32(8):2346–2352
Zhu ZN, Tian H, Mei G, Jiang GS, Dou B (2020) Experimental investigation on physical and mechanical properties of thermal cycling granite by water cooling. Acta Geotech 15:1881–1893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-019-00898-4
Acknowledgments
This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52004013, No. 12172019).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fan, L., Li, H. & Xi, Y. Evaluation of the effects of three different cooling methods on the dynamic mechanical properties of thermal-treated sandstone. Bull Eng Geol Environ 81, 154 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02630-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-022-02630-1