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Structural and electrochemical characterization of vanadium-excess Li3V2(PO4)3-LiVOPO4/C composite cathode material synthesized by sol–gel method

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Abstract

To improve capacity and electrochemical performance of the cathode of Li-ion batteries, non-stoichiometric, vanadium-excess (V-excess) Li3V2(PO4)3-LiVOPO4/C (LVP-LVOP/C) composite cathode materials are synthesized by a single-step citric acid assisted sol–gel method and sintered at temperatures (300–900 °C). X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope results indicate that major Li3V2(PO4)3 and minor LiVOPO4 phases coexist and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results also show that the valance state of vanadium is + 4 and + 3. The sample sintered at 800 °C shows the best electrochemical performance with the highest discharge capacity of 140 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, higher than the theoretical capacity of Li3V2(PO4)3 in the voltage range 2.8–4.3 V. The composite material displays remarkably improved stability exhibiting reversible capacity of 130, 115, and 108 mAh g−1 after 300, 500, and 1000 cycles at the rate of 0.3 C, 0.5 C, and 1 C, respectively. Additionally, the composite LVP-LVOP/C shows superior rate performance at various current densities from 0.2 to 10 C. Our study reveals that the novel composite material considerably enhances electrochemical performance, electronic conductivity, Li-ion diffusion, and contribution of LiVOPO4 to capacity by accommodating extra Li-ions to enhance capacity. The results demonstrate that the study is highly promising for the development of V-excess cathodes as V-excess composite materials exhibit better performance than pure phase Li3V2(PO4)3.

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Funding

This research is financially supported by Anhui Natural Science Foundation (No. 1908085ME151, KJ2020A0263), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2020M673404), Anhui province high-end talent grant (DT18100044), the national level foreign expert introduction plan project (G20190219004), and by National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant No. 51802322.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243000, China

    Zishan Ahsan, Zhenfei Cai, Shuai Wang, Yangzhou Ma, Guangsheng Song, Mo Yu & Shihong Zhang

  2. Future Manufacturing Flagship, Commonwealth Scientific and Industry Research Organization, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia

    Weidong Yang

  3. School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia

    Cuie Wen

  4. Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China

    Xiaohua Feng

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  1. Zishan Ahsan
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Ahsan, Z., Cai, Z., Wang, S. et al. Structural and electrochemical characterization of vanadium-excess Li3V2(PO4)3-LiVOPO4/C composite cathode material synthesized by sol–gel method. J Solid State Electrochem 25, 2127–2137 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-021-04986-y

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