Skip to main content
Log in

Recent advances in the field of conducting polymers

  • Review
  • Published:
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry the Topical Editor of Polymer Modified Electrodes and Polyelectrolytes surveyed the fields belonging to his area. The review emphasizes the developments in the last 5 years.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Inzelt G (2011) Rise and rise of conducting polymers. J Solid State Electrochem 15:1711–1718

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Inzelt G (2012) Conducting polymers—a new era in electrochemistry. 2nd edn. In: Scholz F (ed) Monographs in electrochemistry. Springer, Heidelberg Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mark HB Jr (1997) What do we call conducting polymer electrodes? J Solid State Electrochem 1:119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Jüttner K, Ehrenbeck C (1998) Electrochemical measurements of the ion conductivity, permselectivity and transference numbers of polypyrrole and polypyrrole derivatives. J Solid State Electrochem 2:60–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Aldrin RD, Sangaranarayanan MV (1998) Dynamics of electron hopping in redox polymer electrodes using kinetic Ising model. J Solid State Electrochem 2:67–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Trivedi DC (1998) Influence of the anion on polyaniline. J Solid State Electrochem 2:85–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Rani V, Santhanam KSV (1998) Polycarbazole-based electrochemical transistor. J Solid State Electrochem 2:99–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Heinze J, Tschuncky P, Smie A (1998) The oligomeric approach—the electrochemistry of conducting polymers in the light of recent research. J Solid State Electrochem 2:102–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Malev VV, Kondratiev VV, Tymonov AM (2012) Polymer-modificirovannyie elektrody. Nestor-Istorija, Sankt-Petersburg

    Google Scholar 

  10. Deshpande PP, Sazou D (2016) Corrosion protection of metals by intrinsically conducting polymers. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton London New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. Riaz U, Nwaoha C, Ashraf SM (2014) Recent advances in corrosion protective composite coatings based on conducting polymers and natural resource derived polymers. Prog Org Coatings 77:743–756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ramya R, Sivasubramanian R, Sangaranarayanan MV (2013) Conducting polymers-based electrochemical supercapacitors—progress and prospects. Electrochim Acta 101:109–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Holze R, Wu YP (2014) Intrinsically conducting polymers in electrochemical energy technology: trends and progress. Electrochim Acta 122:93–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Holze R (2011) Copolymers—a refined way to tailor intrinsically conducting polymers. Electrochim Acta 56:10479–10492

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Westmacott K, Weng B, Wallace GG, Killard AJ (2014) Nanostructured conducting polymers for electrochemical sensing and biosensing. In: Honeychurch KC (ed) nanosensors for chemical and biological applications. Woodhead Publishing pp. 150-194

  16. Ates M (2013) A review study of (bio)sensor systems based on conducting polymers. Materials Sci Eng C 33:1853–1859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Migdalski J, Lewenstam A (2013) Conducting polymers-based reference electrodes. In: Inzelt G, Lewenstam A, Scholz F (eds) Handbook of reference electrodes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  18. Otero TF (2015) Conducting polymers. Bioinspired intelligent materials and devices. RSC, London

    Google Scholar 

  19. Otero TF, Martinez JG, Arias-Pardilla J (2012) Biomimetic electrochemistry from conducting polymers. A review: artificial muscles, smart membranes, smart drug delivery and computer/neuron interfaces. Electrochim Acta 84:112–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Wang P-C, Liu L-H, Mengistie DA, Li KH, Wen B-J, Liu T-S, Chu C-W (2013) Transparent electrodes based on conducting polymers for display applications. Displays 34:301–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ates M, Uludag N (2016) Carbazole derivative synthesis and their electropolymerization. J Solid State Electrochem 20:2599–2612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Turco A, Mazzotta E, Di Franco C, Santacroce MV, Scamarcio G, Monteduro AG, Primiceri E, Malitesta C (2016) Templateless synthesis of polypyrrole nanowires by non-static solution-surface electropolymerization. J Solid State Electrochem 20:2143–2151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mishra R, Gupta S, Kumar A, Prakash R (2016) Morphology-controlled approach for bulk synthesis of conducting poly (5-aminoindole). Materials Chem Phys 183:606–614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Berkes BB, Inzelt G (2014) Electrochemical nanogravimetric studies on the electropolymerization of indole and on polyindole. Electrochim Acta 122:11–15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ustamehmetoğlu B (2014) Synthesis and characterization of thiophene and thiazole containing polymers. Electrochim Acta 122:130–140

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Palma-Cando A, Preis E, Scherf U (2016) Silicon- or carbon-cored multifunctional carbazolyl monomers for the electrochemical generation of microporous polymer films. Macromolecules 49:8041–8047

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gribkova OL, Iakobson OD, Nekrasov AA, Cabanova VA, Tverskoy VA, Vannikov AV (2016) The influence of polyacid nature on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) electrosynthesis and its spectroelectrochemical properties. J Solid State Electrochem 20:2991–3001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Plausinaitis D, Ratautaite V, Mikoliunaite L, Sinkevicius L, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A (2015) Quartz crystal microbalance-based evaluation of the electrochemical formation of an aggregated polypyrrole particle-based layer. Langmuir 31:3186–3193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hidalgo-Acosta JC, Climent V, Feliu JM (2014) Adsorption and first stages of polymerization of aniline on platinum single crystal electrodes. Synth Met 196:61–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Sandoval AP, Suarez-Herrera MF, Feliu JM (2015) IR and electrochemical synthesis and characterization of thin films of PEDOT grown on platinum single crystal electrodes in [EMMIM]Tf2N ionic liquid. Beilstein J Org Chem 11:348–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Michinobu T, Li YR, Hyakutake T (2013) Polymeric ion sensors with multiple detection modes achieved by a new type of click chemistry reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15:2623–2631

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Washino Y, Michinobu T (2016) Cross-linking and postfunctionalization of polymer films by utilizing the orthogonal reactivity of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 18:2288–2291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Michinobu T, Yoko Y (2016) Synthesis of novel polymeric energy materials with high nitrogen content by double click functionalization. Sci Technol Energy Materials 77:86–90

    Google Scholar 

  34. Ates M, Uludag N, Karazehir T, Arican F (2013) A novel synthesis of (3,6-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3, 4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-9-(4-vinylbenzyl)-9H-carbazole), alternating polymer formation, characterization and capacitance measurements. J Solid State Electrochem 17:2417–2427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ates M, Uludag N, Karazehir T (2012) Copolymer formation of 9-(2-(benzloxy)ethyl)-9H-carbazole and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrrole coated on glassy carbon electrode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Solid State Electrochem 16:2639–2649

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Liu B, Qiao WQ, Wang ZY (2016) Intense near- and mid-infrared absorbing films of electrochemically crosslinked multinuclear metallodithiolene complex polymers. Chem Res Chinese Univ 32:296–301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Konev DV, Istakova OI, Sereda OA, Shamraeva MV, Devillers CH, Vorotyntsev MA (2015) In situ UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry in the course of oxidative monomer electrolysis. Electrochim Acta 179:315–325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Zolotukhina EV, Bezverkhyy IS, Vorotyntsev MA (2014) One-stage periodical anodic-cathodic double pulse deposition of nanocomposite materials. Application to Prussian Blue/polypyrrole film coated electrodes. Electrochim Acta 122: 247-258

  39. Endrődi B, Kormányos A, Janáky C, Berkesi O, Visy C (2014) Fixation of laccase enzyme into polypyrrole, assisted by chemical interaction with modified magnetite nanoparticles: a facile route to synthesize stable electroactive bionanocomposite catalysts. Electrochim Acta 122:282–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Endrődi B, Samu GF, Azam MA, Janáky C, Visy C (2015) Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/single-walled carbon nanotube array hybrid materials. J Solid State Electrochem 20:3179–3187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Plonska-Brzezinska MA, Mazurczyk J, Palys B, Breczko J, Lapinski A, Dubis AT, Echegoyen L (2012) Preparation and characterization of composites that contain small carbon nano-onions and conducting polyaniline. Chemistry-A European J 18:2600–2608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Almeida AKA, Dias JMM, Silva AJC, Santos DP, Navarro M, Tonholo J, Goulart MOF, Ribeiro AS (2014) Conjugated and fluorescent polymer based on dansyl-substituted pyrrole prepared by electrochemical polymerization in acetonitrile containing boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. Electrochim Acta 122:50–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jarosz T, Data P, Domagala W, Kuznik W, Kotwica K, Lapkowski M (2014) Solubility controlled electropolymerisation and study of the impact of regioregularity on the spectroelectrochemical properties of thin films of poly(3-octylthiophenes). Electrochim Acta 122:66–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Planes GA, Rodriguez JL, Miras MC, Pastor E, Barbero CA (2014) Spectroelectrochemical studies of poly(N-methylaniline) formation, redox behaviour and degradation. A comparison with polyaniline. Electrochim Acta 122:39–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Karon K, Lapkowski M, Dabuliene A, Tomkeviciene A, Kostiv N, Juozas V, Grazulevicius JV (2015) Spectroelectrochemical characterization of conducting polymers from star-shaped carbazole-triphenylamine compounds. Electrochim Acta 154:119–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Gadgil B, Dmitrieva E, Damlin P, Ääritalo T, Kvarnström C (2015) Redox reactions in a linear polyviologen derivative studied by in situ ESR/UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry. J Solid State Electrochem 19:77–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hichem H, Djamila A, Hania A (2013) Optical, electrical and photoelectrochemical characterization of electropolymerized poly(methylene blue) on fluorine doped tin oxide conducting glass. Electrochim Acta 106:69–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Machata P, Rapta P, Lukeš V, Idzik KR, Licha T, Beckert R, Dunsch L (2014) Regioregular electrochromic polymers based on thienyl derivatives of fluorescent pyrene monomers: optical properties, spectroelectrochemistry and quantum chemical study. Electrochim Acta 122:57–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Bilal S, Shah AHA, Holze R (2013) A comparative study of the UV–vis spectroelectrochemical behavior of 2- and 3-methylaniline during homo- and copolymerization with 1,2-diaminobenzene. Electrochim Acta 97:364–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Pasti IA, Lezaic AJ, Ciric-Marjanovic G, Mirsky VM (2016) Polythiophene films on gold electrodes: a comparison of bulk and contact resistances in aqueous and organic media. J Solid State Electrochem 20:3061–3069

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Borsos K, Inzelt G (2015) Electrochemical and nanogravimetric studies of poly(copper phthalocyanine) microparticles immobilized on gold in aqueous solutions. J Solid State Electrochem 19:2565–2577

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Hillman AR, Ryder KS, Zaleski CJ, Ferreira V, Beasley CA, Eric Vieil E (2014) Application of the combined electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and probe beam deflection technique in deep eutectic solvents. Electrochim Acta 135:42–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Lyutov V, Efimov I, Bund A, Tsakova V (2014) Electrochemical polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene in the presence of dodecylsulfate and polysulfonic anions—an acoustic impedance study. Electrochim Acta 122:21–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. O’Neil KD, Semenikhin OA (2014) Current-sensing atomic force microscopic study of doping level distribution in doped poly[2,2’-bithiophene]. Electrochim Acta 122:72–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Berkes BB, Vesztergom S, Inzelt G (2014) Combination of nanogravimetry and visible spectroscopy: a tool for the better understanding of electrochemical processes. J Electroanal Chem 719:41–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Efimov I, Ispas A, Bund A (2014) Taking into account of surface roughness for the calculation of elastic moduli of polymer films from acoustic impedance data. Electrochim Acta 122:16–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Agrisuelas J, Gabrielli C, Garcia-Jareno JJ, Perrot H, Sanchis-Gua R, Sel O, Vicente F (2016) Evaluation of the electrochemical anion recognition of NO3 -imprinted poly(Azure A) in NO3 /Cl-mixed solutions by ac-electrogravimetry. Electrochim Acta 194:292–303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Agrisuelas J, Gabrielli C, Garcia-Jareno JJ, Perrot H, Sel O, Vicente F (2015) Polymer dynamics in thin p-type conducting films investigated by ac-electrogravimetry. Kinetics aspects on anion exclusion, free solvent transfer, and conformational changes in poly(o-toluidine). Electrochim Acta 153:33–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Berkes BB, Bandarenka AS, Inzelt G (2015) Electropolymerization: further insight into the formation of conducting polyindole thin films. J Phys Chem C – Nanomaterials and Interfaces 119:1996–2003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Ratautaite V, Plausinaitis D, Baleviciute I, Mikoliunaite L, Ramanavicienec A, Ramanavicius A (2015) Characterization of caffeine-imprinted polypyrrole by a quartz crystal microbalance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Sensors Actuators B Chem 212:63–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Zhou H, Han G (2016) One-step fabrication of heterogeneous conducting polymers-coated graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes composite films for high-performance supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 192:448–455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Zhou Zh WX-F (2014) High-performance porous electrodes for pseudosupercapacitors based on graphene-beaded carbon nanofibers surface-coated with nanostructured conducting polymers. J Power Sources 262:44–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Hashmi SSA (2014) Quasi-solid-state pseudocapacitors using proton-conducting gel polymer electrolyte and poly (3-methyl thiophene)–ruthenium oxide composite electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 18:465–475

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Kim J, Jung Y, Kim S (2015) Preparation and electrochemical properties of polyaniline composite electrodes prepared by in-situ polymerization in hydrous ruthenium oxide dispersed aqueous solution. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 15:1443–1447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Kim KM, Lee YG, Shin DO, Ko JM (2016) Supercapacitive properties of layered electrodes composed of electrodeposited RuO2 and polyaniline. Electrochim Acta 196:309–315

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Wang S, Gao T, Li Y, Li S (2017) Fabrication of vesicular polyaniline using hard templates and composites with graphene for supercapacitor. J Solid State Electrochem 21:705–714

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Hao M, Chen Y, Xiong W, Zhang L, Wu L, Fu Y, Mei T, Wang JY, Li J, Wang XB (2016) In situ synthesis of crosslinked-polyaniline nano-pillar arrays/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites for supercapacitors. J Solid State Electrochem 20:665–671

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Davoglio RA, Biaggio SR, Bocchi N, Rocha-Filho RC (2013) Flexible and high surface area composites of carbon fiber, polypyrrole, and poly(DMcT) for supercapacitor electrodes. Electrochim Acta 93:93–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Guerfi A, Trottier J, Gagnon C, Barray F, Zaghib K (2016) High rechargeable sodium metal-conducting polymer batteries. J Power Sources 335:131–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Nyholm L, Nyström G, Mihranyan A, Strømme M (2011) Toward flexible polymer and paper-based energy storage devices. Adv Mater 23:3751–3769

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Yang L, Huang X, Gogoll A, Strømme M, Sjödin M (2016) Effect of the linker in terephthalate-functionalized conducting redox polymers. Electrochim Acta 222:149–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Samu GF, Pencz K, Janáky C, Rajeshwar K (2015) On the electrochemical synthesis and charge storage properties of WO3/polyaniline hybrid nanostructures. J Solid State Electrochem 19:2741–2751

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Volkov AI, Eliseeva SN, Tolstopjatova EG, Kondratiev VV (2016) Еlectrochemical properties of poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate/manganese dioxide composite electrode material. J Solid State Electrochem 20:1621–1630

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Kupis-Rozmysłowicz J, Wagner M, Bobacka J, Lewenstam A, Migdalski J (2016) Biomimetic membranes based on molecularly imprinted conducting polymers as a sensing element for determination of taurine. Electrochim Acta 188:537–544

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Braik M, Barsan MM, Dridi C, Ali MB, Brett CMA (2016) Highly sensitive amperometric enzyme biosensor for detection of superoxide based on conducting polymer/CNT modified electrodes and superoxide dismutase. Sensors Actuators B Chem 236:574–582

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Omar FS, Duraisamy N, Ramesh K, Ramesh S (2016) Conducting polymer and its composite materials based electrochemical sensor for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Biosens Bioelectron 79:763–775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Evtugyn G, Hianik T (2016) Electrochemical DNA sensors and aptasensors based on electropolymerized materials and polyelectrolyte complexes. Trac-Trends in Anal Chem 79:168–178

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Lee HJ, Jeon S, Seo J-S, Goh S-H, Han J-Y, Cho Y (2016) A novel strategy for highly efficient isolation and analysis of circulating tumor-specific cell-free DNA from lung cancer patients using a reusable conducting polymer nanostructure. Biomaterials 101:251–257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Moon JM, Kim YH, Cho Y (2014) A nanowire-based label-free immunosensor: direct incorporation of a PSA antibody in electropolymerized polypyrrole. Biosens Bioelectron 57:157–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Dervisevic M, Çevik E, Şenel M, Nergiz C, Abasiyanik F (2016) Amperometric cholesterol biosensor based on reconstituted cholesterol oxidase on boronic acid functional conducting polymers. J Electroanal Chem 776:18–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Ivanov AN, Antipin IS (2011) Potentiometric sensors based on polyaniline and thiacalixarenes for green tea discrimination. Electroanalysis 23:1081–1088

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Ferancova A, Benikova K (2012) Chapter 10. Synthetic polymers for electrochemical DNA biosensors. In: Ozsoz M (ed) Electrochemical DNA biosensors, Pan Stanford Publishing PTE Ltd., Singapore, Ch 10, pp.: 329-353

  83. Ahammad AJS, Al Mamun A, Akter T, Mamun MA, Faraezi S, Moniraet FZ (2016) Enzyme-free impedimetric glucose sensor based on gold nanoparticles/polyaniline composite film. J Solid State Electrochem 20:1933–1939

  84. Dulgerbaki C, Oksuz AU, Ahmad S (2014) Electrochemically determined biosensing ability of DNA probed by using poly(propylenedioxythiophene). Electrochim Acta 122:87–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Komkova MA, Andreyev EA, Nikitina VN, Krupenin VA, Presnov DE, Karyakina EE, Yatsimirsky AK, Karyakin AA (2015) Novel reagentless label-free detection principle for affinity interactions resulted in conductivity increase of conducting polymer. Electroanalysis 27:2055–2062

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Hu H, Cao L, Li Q, Ma K, Yan P, Kirk DW (2015) Fabrication and modeling of an ultrasensitive label free impedimetric immunosensor for aflatoxin B1 based on poly(o-phenylenediamine) modified gold 3D nano electrode ensembles. RSC Adv 5:55209–55217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Lete C, Berger D, Matei C, Lupu S (2016) Electrochemical and microgravimetric studies of poly[3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene]-tyrosinase biocomposite material electrodeposited onto gold electrodes by a sinusoidal voltages method. J Solid State Electrochem 20:3043–3051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Ferreira LF, Santos CC, da Cruz FS, Correa RAMS, Verly RM, Da Silva LM (2015) Preparation, characterization, and application in biosensors of functionalized platforms with poly(4-aminobenzoic acid). J Mater Sci 50:1103–1116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Jarvis JM, Guzinski M, Pendley BD, Lindner E (2016) Poly(3-octylthiophene) as solid contact for ion-selective electrodes: contradictions and possibilities. J Solid State Electrochem 20:3033–3041

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Tóth PS, Peintler-Kriván E, Visy Cs (2016) Fast redox switching into the conducting state, related to single mono-cationic/polaronic charge carriers only in cation exchanger type conducting polymers. Electrochem Commun 18:16–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Fedorczyk A, Ratajczak J, Czerwiński A, Skompska M (2014) Selective deposition of gold nanoparticles on the top or inside a thin conducting polymer film, by combination of electroless deposition and electrochemical reduction. Electrochim Acta 122:267–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Lupu S, Javier del Campo F, Xavier Muñoz F (2012) Sinusoidal voltage electrodeposition and characterization of conducting polymers on gold microelectrode arrays. J Electroanal Chem 687:71–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Kaniewska K, Karbarz M, Stojek Z (2015) Electrochemical attachment of thermo- and pH sensitive interpenetrating-polymers-network hydrogel to conducting surface. Electrochim Acta 179:372–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Lange U, Mirsky VM (2012) Electroanalytical measurements without electrolytes: conducting polymers as probes for redox titration in non-conductive organic media. Anal Chim Acta 744:29–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Tsakova V, Seeber R (2016) Conducting polymers in electrochemical sensing: factors influencing the electroanalytical signal. Anal Bioanal Chem 408:7231–7241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Seeber R, Pigani L, Terzi F, Zanardi C (2015) Amperometric sensing. A melting pot for material, electrochemical, and analytical sciences. Electrochim Acta 179:350–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Zanardi C, Terzi F, Seeber R (2013) Polythiophenes and polythiophene-based composites in amperometric sensing. Anal Bioanal Chem 405:509–531

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Pigani L, Zanfrognini B, Seeber R (2012) PEDOT-modified microelectrodes. Preparation, characterisation and analytical performances. Electroanalysis 24:1340–1347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Borsos K, Inzelt G (2016) A new electrode for acid-base titration based on poly(copper phthalocyanine). J Solid State Electrochem 20:1215–1222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Gligor D, Cuibus F, Peipmann R, Bund A (2017) Novel amperometric sensors for nitrite detection using electrodes modified with PEDOT prepared in ionic liquids. J Solid State Electrochem 21:281–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Kaushik A, Kumar R, Arya SK, Nair M, Malhotra BD, Bhansali S (2015) Organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite-based gas sensors for environmental monitoring. Chem Rev 114:4571–4606

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Cavallo P, Frontera E, Acevedo DF, Olejnik R, Saha P, Barbero CA (2016) Functionalized polyanilines made by nucleophilic addition reaction, applied in gas sensors field. Synth Met 215:127–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Kiefer R, Temmer R, Aydemir N, Travas-Sejdic J, Aabloo A, Tamm T (2014) Electrochemistry of interlayer supported polypyrrole tri-layer linear actuators. Electrochim Acta 122:322–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Hursán D, Kormányos A, Rajeshwar K, Janáky C (2016) Polyaniline films photoelectrochemically reduce CO2 to alcohols. Chem Commun 52:8858–8861

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Krivan EP, Ungor D, Janaky C, Nemeth Z, Visy C (2015) Optimization of the photoactivity of conducting polymer covered ZnO nanorod composite electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 19:37–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Kormányos CA, Endrődi B, Ondok R, Sápi A, Janáky C (2016) Controlled photocatalytic synthesis of core–shell SiC/polyaniline hybrid nanostructures. Materials 9: Article No. 201

  107. Osial M, Widera J, Jackowska K (2014) Synthesis, characterization and photoelectrochemical properties of polyindole-CdTe hybrid material. Electrochim Acta 122:275–281

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Holze R (2014) Optical and electrochemical band gaps in mono-, oligo-, and polymeric systems: a critical reassessment. Organometallics 33:5033–5042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Ilieva M, Nakova A, Tsakova V (2016) Pd-modified PEDOT layers obtained through electroless metal deposition—electrooxidation of glycerol. J Solid State Electrochem 20:3015–3023

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Ilieva M, Tsakova V (2015) Temperature-treated polyaniline layers as support for Pd catalysts: electrooxidation of glycerol in alkaline medium. J Solid State Electrochem 19:2811–2818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Karabozhikova V, Tsakova V (2016) Role of the doping ions for the electrocrystallization of silver on poly (3, 4-ethylenedyoxythiophene)-modified electrodes. Electrochim Acta 217:218–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Pandey RK, Lakshminarayanan V (2010) Enhanced electrocatalytic activity of Pd-dispersed 3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene film in hydrogen evolution and ethanol electro-oxidation reactions. J Phys Chem C 114:8507–8514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Moghaddam RB, Pickup PG (2011) Formic acid oxidation at spontaneously deposited palladium on polyaniline modified carbon paper. Electrochim Acta 56:7666–7672

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Kondratiev VV, Babkova TA, Tolstopjatova EG (2013) PEDOT-supported Pd nanoparticles as a catalyst for hydrazine oxidation. J Solid State Electrochem 17:1621–1630

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Magdesieva TV, Nikitin OM, Zolotukhina EV, Vorotyntsev MA (2014) Palladium nanoparticles–polypyrrole composite as an efficient catalyst for cyanation of aryl halides. Electrochim Acta 122:289–295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Hursán D, London G, Olasz B, Janáky C (2016) Synthesis, characterization, and electrocatalytic properties of a custom-designed conjugated polymer with pyridine side chain. Electrochim Acta 217:92–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Kosicek KM, Kvastek K, Horvat-Radosevic V (2016) Hydrogen evolution on Pt and polyaniline modified Pt electrodes—a comparative electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study. J Solid State Electrochem 20:3003–3013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Endrődi B, Mellár J, Gingl Z, Visy C, Janáky C (2015) Molecular and supramolecular parameters dictating the thermoelectric performance of conducting polymers: a case study using poly(3-alkylthiophene)s. J Phys Chem C 119:8472–8479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Yan J, Huang Y, Chen XF, Wei C (2016) Conducting polymers-NiFe2O4 coated on reduced graphene oxide sheets as electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption materials. Synth Met 221:291–298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Sapstead RM, Corden N, Hillman AR (2015) Latent fingerprint enhancement via conducting electrochromic copolymer films of pyrrole and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene on stainless steel. Electrochim Acta 162:119–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Talagaeva NV, Zolotukhina EV, Pisareva PA, Vorotyntsev MA (2016) Electrochromic properties of Prussian blue–polypyrrole composite films in dependence on parameters of synthetic procedure. J Solid State Electrochem 20:1235–1240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Omastová M, Bober P, Morávková Z, Peřinka N, Kaplanová M, Syrový T, Hromádková J, Trchová M, Stejskal J (2014) Towards conducting inks: polypyrrole–silver colloids. Electrochim Acta 122:296–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Gupta R, Paul A, Chaudhari Divesh JC, Srivastava C (2016) In-situ tunable pP heterojunction based on organic conducting polymers. Synth Met 220:95–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Ujvári M, Takács M, Vesztergom S, Bazsó F, Ujhelyi F, Láng GG (2011) Monitoring of the electrochemical degradation of PEDOT films on gold using the bending beam method. J Solid State Electrochem 15:2341–2349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Ujvari M, Gubicza J, Kondratiev V, Szekeres KJ, Lang GG (2015) Morphological changes in electrochemically deposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films during overoxidation. J Solid State Electrochem 19:1247–1252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Tucceri R (2015) Deactivation of poly(o-aminophenol) film electrodes by storage without use in the supporting electrolyte solution and its comparison with other deactivation processes. J Electroanal Chem 739:58–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Anishchenko DV, Levin OV, Malev VV (2016) Quasi-equilibrium voltammetric curves of polaron-conducting polymer films. Electrochim Acta 188:480–489

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Scotto J, Florit MI, Posadas D (2016) The effect of membrane equilibrium on the behaviour of electrochemically active polymers. J Electroanal Chem 774:42–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to György Inzelt.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Inzelt, G. Recent advances in the field of conducting polymers. J Solid State Electrochem 21, 1965–1975 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-017-3611-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-017-3611-6

Keywords

Navigation