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A theoretical study on 1H-indole-2,3-dione complexes with lithium, sodium, and potassium cations

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Abstract

Context

A comparative study of the change in different properties of electronic and structural of the free 1H-indole-2,3-dione molecule and its complexes has been obtained. HOMA analysis was performed to investigate the effects of lithium sodium and potassium cations on the aromaticity of lithium sodium and potassium complexes of 1H-indole-2,3-dione.

Methods

Several 1H-indole-2,3-dione complexes with lithium, sodium, and potassium cations were optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. The cation and π interaction has been investigated from different aspects, including interaction energy calculations, charge transfer values, and changes in the aromaticity of the ring upon complexation. The charge transfer and natural population analysis for the complexes were performed with the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The properties of bond critical points in complexes were studied by applying the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). Finally, the aromaticity change of phenyl induced upon complex formation was evaluated by applying the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA). [Li-INa]+ and [[Li-INb]+ were optimized with the wB97XD function using a version of Grimme’s D2 dispersion model, and the absorption energy was compared with the calculation made with the B3LYP functional.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul YeniYuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Fatma Genc

  2. Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey

    Fatma Kandemirli

  3. Department of Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey

    Serap Senturk Dalgic

Authors
  1. Fatma Genc
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  2. Fatma Kandemirli
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  3. Serap Senturk Dalgic
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by FK and SŞD. The first draft of the manuscript was written by FK, SŞD and FG and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fatma Genc.

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Genc, F., Kandemirli, F. & Senturk Dalgic, S. A theoretical study on 1H-indole-2,3-dione complexes with lithium, sodium, and potassium cations. J Mol Model 30, 100 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-024-05898-0

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