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Temperament in child and adolescent offspring of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

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Abstract

Shared vulnerability in offspring of individuals with schizophrenia (SzO) and bipolar disorder (BpO) might manifest early during development through common temperament traits. Temperament dimensions in child and adolescent BpO (N = 80), SzO (N = 34) and the offspring of community controls (CcO) (N = 101) were assessed using the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey. The association between temperament dimensions and lifetime psychopathology (including threshold and subthreshold DSM-IV-TR diagnoses) and current socio-academic adjustment was assessed using logistic regression. Fully adjusted models showed that both BpO and SzO scored significantly lower in the positive mood dimension and in the adaptability factor than CcO, with small–medium effect sizes (Cohen’s d ~ 0.3–0.5). BpO also scored lower in the activity factor and the activity dimensions than CcO (Cohen’s d ~ 0.3). Lower scores in the positive mood dimension were associated with increased risk of impaired adjustment both in BpO [OR 2.30, 95% CI (1.18–4.46)] and in SzO [OR 2.87, 95% CI (1.07–7.66)]. In BpO, lower scores in positive mood were also associated with increased likelihood of internalizing [OR 1.84, 95% CI (1.28–2.64)] and externalizing disorders [OR 1.48, 95% CI (1.01–2.18)]; in SzO, higher scores in activity and flexibility were associated with increased likelihood of internalizing [OR 2.31, 95% CI (1.22–4.38)] and externalizing disorders [OR 3.28, 95% CI (1.2–9)], respectively. Early difficulties in emotion regulation might represent a shared vulnerability phenotype in BpO and SzO. The identification of extreme temperament traits could help to characterize subgroups at greater risk of psychopathology and impaired adjustment, in which targeted interventions are warranted.

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Acknowledgements

M.A. Carrasco-Ortiz, UNED, Madrid, Spain, for support in the correction of the DOTS-R. B. Fernández-Castilla for statistical support.

Funding

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (PI07/0066; PI07/0853; PI11/00683; PI11/02283; PI15/00467; PI15/00810), co-financed by ERDF Funds from the European Commission, “A way of making Europe”, CIBERSAM and Fundació La Marató de TV3 (091630, 091631).

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Author notes

  1. Carmen Moreno and Dolores Moreno have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, C/Ibiza 43, 28009, Madrid, Spain

    Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja, Mª Goretti Morón-Nozaleda, Raquel P. Vicente-Moreno, Elisa Rodríguez-Toscano, Laura Pina-Camacho, Carmen Moreno & Dolores Moreno

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain

    Mª Goretti Morón-Nozaleda

  3. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK

    Laura Pina-Camacho

  4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain

    Elena de la Serna, Gisela Sugranyes, Inmaculada Baeza, Soledad Romero, Vanessa Sánchez-Gistau & Josefina Castro-Fornieles

  5. Institut d´Investigacións Biomèdiques d’August Pi i Sunyer, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain

    Gisela Sugranyes, Inmaculada Baeza, Soledad Romero & Josefina Castro-Fornieles

  6. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2014SGR489, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Gisela Sugranyes, Inmaculada Baeza, Soledad Romero & Josefina Castro-Fornieles

  7. Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Josefina Castro-Fornieles

  8. Early Psychosis Program and Research Department, Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain

    Vanessa Sánchez-Gistau

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  1. Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja
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Correspondence to Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja.

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Conflict of interest

C.M. Díaz Caneja: Grants awarded by ISCIII and Fundación Alicia Koplowitz (FAK). M.G. Morón-Nozaleda: Grant from ISCIII; honoraria from Janssen Cilag and Shire. L Pina-Camacho: Grants from ISCIII and FAK. E. Rodríguez-Toscano: Grants from ISCIII. G. Sugranyes: honoraria from Adamed and Otsuka, Grants from FAK and ISCIII. I. Baeza: honoraria from Otsuka and Janssen, Grants from FAK and ISCIII. V. Sánchez-Gistau: honoraria from Otsuka. C. Moreno: honoraria from Janssen, Servier and Lundbeck and Grants/research support from the European Commission, CIBERSAM, ISCIII and FAK. D. Moreno: honoraria from Janssen, Shire and Rovi. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Díaz-Caneja, C.M., Morón-Nozaleda, M.G., Vicente-Moreno, R.P. et al. Temperament in child and adolescent offspring of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27, 1459–1471 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1135-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1135-y

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