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Biaxial flexure strength and physicochemical characterization of a CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic: effect of etching time, silane, and adhesive applications

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Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the effect of different acid etching time and bonding agent (silane and/or adhesive system) on biaxial flexural strength and physico-chemical properties of a lithium disilicate ceramic.

Material and methods

One hundred twenty ceramic discs were made and divided into 8 groups (n = 15) according to factors “etching time” (20 and 120 s) with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and “bonding agent” (C, no bonding agent; S, silane, A, adhesive; and SA, silane + adhesive). After surface treatment, a resin cement layer was applied to the surface and all specimens were subjected to biaxial flexural strength (BFS) test with treated surfaces loaded in tension (1 mm/min). The Weibull analyses and complementary analyses were also performed. Statistical analysis was done with 2-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (α = 0.05).

Results

ANOVA revealed that the factors “etching time” (p = 0.0003) and “bonding agent” (p = 0.007) were statistically significant. In the overall analysis, the HF120S group (272.02 ± 35.30A MPa) presented significantly higher BFS than that of HF120C (218.45 ± 17.15CD MPa) and HF20S (228.40 ± 37.83BCDMPa). On the other hand, the HF20A group (208.92 ± 31.16D MPa) had significantly lower BFS than HF120S (272.02 ± 35.30A), HF120A (254.42 ± 26.87ABC) and HF120SA (259.30 ± 36.55AB) groups (Tukey). The Weibull modulus (m) of all groups was significantly different from each other (p = 0.000).

Conclusions

Regardless of etching time, the application of silane alone is sufficient to increase the flexural strength of glass ceramic, eliminating the need for the application of adhesive systems. Moreover, if only silane or adhesive is applied, 120-s HF application should increase the flexural resistance of the lithium disilicate ceramic.

Clinical significance.

Applications of adhesive systems after silanization can be suppressed from the surface treatment protocol of glass ceramics, since it does not improve their mechanical strength.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Odontomega (São Paulo, Brazil) for support with ceramic (Rosetta SM) and FGM (Joinville, SC, Brazil) for support with the other materials used in this study.

Funding

This study was funded in part by the Coordination for the Development of Higher Education Personnel—Brazil (CAPES)—Grant Code 001. YZ would like to thank the United States National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research for their support (grants No. R01 DE026772 and R01 DE026279).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil

    Sarah Emille Gomes da Silva & Rodrigo Othávio de Assunção e Souza

  2. Department of Dentistry, Oral Science, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Av. Salgado FilhoLagoa Nova, Natal, RN. CEP, 178759056-000, Brazil

    Gabriela Monteiro de Araújo

  3. Institute of Science and Technology, Univ Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Francisco Jose Longo, Av. Eng, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, 777, Brazil

    Karina Barbosa Souza

  4. Department of Dentistry, State University of Rio Grande Do Norte (UERN), Rua Almino Afonso, 478 - Centro - Mossoró/RN CEP: 59.610-210, Rio, Brazil

    Dayanne Monielle Duarte Moura

  5. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

    Iana Lamadrid Aurélio & Liliana Gressler May

  6. School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

    Taciana Emília Leite Vila-Nova

  7. School of Dental Medicine, Department of Preventive and Restorative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Yu Zhang

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da Silva, S.E.G., de Araújo, G.M., Souza, K.B. et al. Biaxial flexure strength and physicochemical characterization of a CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic: effect of etching time, silane, and adhesive applications. Clin Oral Invest 26, 6753–6763 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04635-2

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