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Novel cinnamon-laden nanofibers as a potential antifungal coating for poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base materials

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Abstract

Objectives

To modify the surface of denture base material by coating it with cinnamon-laden nanofibers to reduce Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhesion and/or proliferation.

Materials and methods

Heat-cured poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) specimens were processed and coated, or not, with cinnamon-laden polymeric nanofibers (20 or 40 wt.% of cinnamon relative to the total polymer weight). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the nanofibers were performed. Antifungal activity was assessed through agar diffusion and colony-forming unit (CFU/mL) assays. Representative SEM morphological analysis was carried out to observe the presence/absence of C. albicans on the fibers. Alamar blue assay was used to determine cell toxicity. Analysis of variance and the Tukey’s test were used to analyze the data (α = 0.05).

Results

SEM imaging revealed nanofibers with adequate (i.e., bead-free) morphological characteristics and uniform microstructure. FTIR confirmed cinnamon incorporation. The cinnamon-laden nanofibers led to growth inhibition of C. albicans. Viable fungal counts support a significant reduction on CFU/mL also directly related to cinnamon concentration (40 wt.%: mean log 6.17 CFU/mL < 20 wt.%: mean log 7.12 CFU/mL), which agrees with the SEM images. Cinnamon-laden nanofibers at 40 wt.% led to increased cell death.

Conclusions

The deposition of 20 wt.% cinnamon-laden nanofibers onto PMMA surfaces led to a significant reduction of the adhesive and/or proliferative ability of C. albicans, while maintaining epithelial cells’ viability.

Clinical relevance

The high recurrence rates of denture stomatitis are associated with patient non-adherence to treatments and contaminated prostheses use. Here, we provide the non-patients’ cooperation sensible method, which possesses antifungal action, hence improving treatment effectiveness.

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Acknowledgements

M.C.B. acknowledges the National Institutes of Health (NIH, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research/NIDCR) (Grants K08DE023552 and R01DE026578). J.S.R. would like to thank Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES; code 001) Brazil for the scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Juliana Silva Ribeiro, Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini, Rohitha Rao Polasani & Marco Cícero Bottino

  2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil

    Juliana Silva Ribeiro

  3. Department of Physiology and Pathology, University Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

    Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini

  4. Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil

    Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira, Karla Zanini Kantorski & Luiz Felipe Valandro

  5. Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Cristiane Helena Squarize

Authors
  1. Juliana Silva Ribeiro
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  2. Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini
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  3. Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira
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  4. Rohitha Rao Polasani
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  5. Cristiane Helena Squarize
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  6. Karla Zanini Kantorski
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  7. Luiz Felipe Valandro
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  8. Marco Cícero Bottino
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Kantorski KZ, Valandro LF, Bottino MC. Data curation: Ribeiro JS, Bordini EAF, Polasani RR. Formal analysis: Ribeiro JS. Investigation: Ribeiro JS. Methodology: Ribeiro JS, Bordini EAF, Polasani RR. Project administration: Kantorski KZ, Valandro LF, Bottino MC. Resources: Bottino MC. Supervision: Bottino MC. Validation: Kantorski KZ. Visualization: Valandro LF. Writing—original draft: Ribeiro JS; Polasani RR. Writing—review and editing: Pereira GKR, Squarize CH, Kantorski KZ, Valandro LF, Bottino MC.

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Correspondence to Marco Cícero Bottino.

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Ribeiro, J.S., Bordini, E.A.F., Pereira, G.K.R. et al. Novel cinnamon-laden nanofibers as a potential antifungal coating for poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base materials. Clin Oral Invest 26, 3697–3706 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04341-5

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