Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to examine the influence of immediate loading on the dynamic changes of bone metabolism around dental implants using a high-resolution semiconductor sodium 18F-fluoride (Na18F)-PET.
Methods
Tibiae of 12 adult male rats were divided into 4 groups: immediate loading (IL), no loading (NL), bone defect (BD), and control (CTR). For the IL group, a 4.0-N load was applied continuously by two closed-coil springs attached between two implants in tibia. Each rat received an intravenous injection of Na18F and was scanned by high-resolution Na18F-PET at day 1 and then at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 after surgery. Bone metabolism around the implant was evaluated by standardized uptake value (SUV), which indicates the outcome of Na18F accumulation. CT scanning was also performed, and PET and CT images were superposed to determine the anatomical orientation in PET images.
Results
Bone metabolism peaked at 7 days after surgery and then gradually decreased in all three test groups (IL, NL, and BD). SUVs of all three test groups were significantly higher than the baseline at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after surgery, with SUVs in the IL group returning to baseline levels earlier than those in the NL and BD groups.
Conclusions
Fluorine integrates preferentially with the initial low-calcified bone; thus, our results suggest that immediate loading promotes the calcification of the bone tissue in the early stage on peri-implant bone formation.
Clinical relevance
Na18F-PET allows for an estimate of bone metabolism change around the implant.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Dr. Hisashi Shinoda, a professor emeritus at Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, for the important scientific advice. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Jun Aida, from the Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, for the assistance with statistical analysis. We also acknowledge the Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, who lent facilities willingly as coworkers. The authors express gratitude to Hitachi Aloka Medical, for their support and use of the CT imaging scanner and fusion technology.
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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Funding
This work was partially supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (grant no. 24390428), Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (grant no. 24792130) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan and Research Seeds Quest Program (grant no. J110001441) from Japan Science and Technology Agency.
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This article does not contain any studies with human participants. Ethical approval (2012CrA-4) was provided by the Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee of Tohoku University.
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Y.M. and T.O. equally contributed to this work.
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Matsuo, Y., Ogawa, T., Yamamoto, M. et al. Evaluation of peri-implant bone metabolism under immediate loading using high-resolution Na18F-PET. Clin Oral Invest 21, 2029–2037 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1992-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1992-z