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High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprint profile analysis and spectro-densitometric evaluation of antiproliferative antioxidants such as ellagic acid and gallic acid from four widely used Terminalia species

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Abstract

The emerging need for quality control to assess the chemical composition and stability of herbal raw materials has grown significantly along with their demand. The proposed research focuses on phytochemical analysis of hydro-alcoholic bark and fruit extracts from Terminalia (arjuna, bellirica, chebula, and catappa) followed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) technique. HPTLC fingerprinting carried out on precoated silica gel F254 TLC revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and antioxidants. The developed RP-HPTLC method was validated to quantify gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA). The calibration plot from linear regression analysis demonstrated a good polynomial regression relationship, with R values of 99.99% for the peak areas of GA and EA, respectively. The calibration range for GA and EA is 100–700 ng per band. Spectro-densitometric scanning verified GA and EA by four-way confirmation via RF, chromatogram, spectra, and visual comparison of chromatograms. The method was developed and validated in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. From the validation results, it can be concluded that this method would prove an excellent alternative to existing costly techniques such as gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.

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Abbreviations

HPTLC:

High-performance thin-layer chromatography

TLC:

Thin-layer chromatography

RP-HPTLC:

Reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

GA:

Gallic acid

EA:

Ellagic acid

ICH:

International Council for Harmonisation

ppm:

Parts per million

ppb:

Parts per billion

V/V :

Volume by volume

AR:

Analytical grade

rpm:

Rotations per minute

R:

Correlation coefficient

r 2 :

Regression coefficient

ICMR:

Indian Council of Medical Research

USP:

United States Pharmacopeia

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl or α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to General Manager, Chika Overseas, Gujarat, Vatva, Ahemdabad, India. The author and team express sincere gratitude to Mr. Akshay Charegaonkar Director Anchrom Enterprises (I) Pvt Ltd, Mulund, Mumbai, India, for the facilities provided for this research work. The authors also thank KLE College of Pharmacy and Dr Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center for the laboratory facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), (Deemed-to-Be University), Nehru Nagar, JNMC Campus, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India

    Chaitrali M. Bidikar & Pramod J. Hurkadale

  2. Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed-to-Be University), Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India

    Chaitrali M. Bidikar

  3. A7-A8 Hitachi-Enviro House Center of Excellence, MIDC Main Road, Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400604, India

    Shrikrishna M. Nandanwadkar

  4. ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India

    Harsha V. Hegde

  5. Anchrom Enterprises (I) Pvt Ltd, Mulund, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400081, India

    Sneha Singh, Abhijeet Khale & Manjusha Phanse

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  1. Chaitrali M. Bidikar
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Bidikar, C.M., Hurkadale, P.J., Nandanwadkar, S.M. et al. High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprint profile analysis and spectro-densitometric evaluation of antiproliferative antioxidants such as ellagic acid and gallic acid from four widely used Terminalia species. JPC-J Planar Chromat 36, 169–178 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00764-023-00238-z

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