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Evaluation of a Polyethylene Glycol Phantom for Measuring Apparent Diffusion Coefficients Using Three 3.0 T MRI Systems

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Abstract

We aimed to examine the possibility that polyethylene glycol (PEG) phantoms can simulate apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of malignant tumors and the effectiveness of PEG phantoms using three 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. In particular, the correlations between PEG concentrations and ADC values, the validation of ADC measurement precision, and the stability and reproducibility of PEG phantom were verified. A phantom containing 0, 0.625, 1.250, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mM PEG was assessed using three MRI systems. The endpoints comprised correlations between PEG concentrations and ADC, validation of ADC measurement precision and the stability and reproducibility of the PEG phantom. The correlation coefficients between PEG concentrations and the ADC of the three MRI systems and among the three MRI systems revealed negative (r ≈ − 1.000, P < 0.001) and positive (r ≈ 1.000, P < 0.001) correlations. The ADCmean of 2.5–20 mM PEG was significant (P < 0.05 t tests), and that at ≥ 10 mM PEG was < 1.0 × 10–3 mm2/s. The %CV ranged from 1.20 to 4.62, and repeatability was confirmed by the 90% confidence interval. The maximum values for DifferenceChange over time and DifferencePri.vs.New were 0.20 and 0.19 × 10–3 mm2/s, respectively. In this study, we found that PEG concentrations ≥ 10 mM are required to simulate the ADCs of malignant tumors (ADC < 1.0 × 10–3 mm2/s). We also showed that the ADC value is easily controlled by adjusting PEG concentrations, and can be stably measured using our PEG phantom for at least 6 months. The PEG phantom can easily and stably simulate the ADC of malignant tumors with high reproducibility.

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Acknowledgements

This research was a part of the activity of the academic investigation study group (Multicenter research about the quantifiability of SUV in FDG-PET and ADC in the MRI) of Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT), and was supported in part by KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (no. 16K19239) from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, 3-2-12 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    Eisuke Sato

  2. Department of Radiological Technology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Kei Fukuzawa

  3. Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan

    Hiroyuki Takashima

  4. Division of Central Radiology, Nara Medical University Hospital, Nara, Japan

    Yuya Yamatani

  5. Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan

    Yasuo Takatsu

  6. Division of Regenerative Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Junichi Hata

  7. Medical Devices Research Group, Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan

    Keigo Hikishima

  8. Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Science, International University of Health and Welfare, Tochigi, Japan

    Kenta Miwa

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  1. Eisuke Sato
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  2. Kei Fukuzawa
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  3. Hiroyuki Takashima
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Sato, E., Fukuzawa, K., Takashima, H. et al. Evaluation of a Polyethylene Glycol Phantom for Measuring Apparent Diffusion Coefficients Using Three 3.0 T MRI Systems. Appl Magn Reson 52, 619–631 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-021-01336-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-021-01336-z

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