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Morpho-histodifferentiation of Billbergia Thunb. (Bromeliaceae) nodular cultures

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Abstract

Nodule cultures are formed through an intermediate morphogenetic route that lies between organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Although well described in many species, different aspects of the morphological and histological development of nodules remain to be clarified. Based on their threatened status and high ornamental value, Billbergia alfonsi-joannis and Billbergia zebrina, two epiphytic bromeliad species endemic to the South American Atlantic Forest, were studied. Nodular cultures were induced to grow from nodal segments taken from etiolated seedlings grown in vitro for 12 weeks in the dark on MS medium supplemented with 1 μM TDZ. Samples were taken for analysis weekly over 8 weeks of growth and analyzed under light, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopes. Morphological and histological analysis showed that nodular clusters originated from stem pericycles and consisted of a polycenter, cambial tissue, cortical parenchyma, and a covering tissue. The polycenter consisted of an organizational center dispersed in parenchymal tissue. Each organizational center was formed by a vascular system surrounded by a bundle sheath. A cambial tissue surrounded these polycenters, promoting the regeneration of new nodules and leading to the formation of buds and roots. Primary nodules could generate secondary nodules in a repetitive process. Thus, histological analysis revealed the origin and formation of nodular cultures. These new data will support the establishment of micropropagation protocols and regeneration on a large scale for these species.

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Abbreviations

AB:

Axillary bud

BAF:

Billbergia alfonsi-joannis

BZ:

Billbergia zebrina

CA:

Cambium

CC:

Cambial cell

OC:

Organizational center

LE:

Leaf

LM:

Light microscopy

LP:

Leaf primordia

MC:

Meristematic cell

MS:

Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal media

NO:

Nodule

NV:

Nodule vascularization

PA:

Parenchyma

PE:

Periderm

PV:

Provascular cell

RO:

Root

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SN:

Secondary nodule

ST:

Stem

SNE:

Sieve neoelement

TDZ:

Thidiazuron

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TN:

Tracheal neoelement

TU:

Tunic

VC:

Vascular cylinder

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, Brazil). The authors acknowledge the staff of the Central Laboratory of Electron Microscopy (LCME), Plant Anatomy Laboratory (LAVEG), and Physiology Laboratory of Plant Development and Genetics (LFDGV) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, Km 3, Florianópolis, SC 88034-001, Brazil

    Thaysi Ventura de Souza, Ana Paula Lando, Miguel Pedro Guerra & Marisa Santos

  2. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Catarinense, Campus Camboriú, Rua Joaquim Garcia, sn, Camboriú, SC 88340-055, Brazil

    Thaysi Ventura de Souza

  3. Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil

    Julia Faillace Thiesen & Marisa Santos

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  1. Thaysi Ventura de Souza
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  2. Julia Faillace Thiesen
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  3. Ana Paula Lando
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  4. Miguel Pedro Guerra
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  5. Marisa Santos
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Correspondence to Thaysi Ventura de Souza.

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de Souza, T.V., Thiesen, J.F., Lando, A.P. et al. Morpho-histodifferentiation of Billbergia Thunb. (Bromeliaceae) nodular cultures. Protoplasma 254, 435–443 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-016-0962-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-016-0962-2

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