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Markovian approach to the frequency of tropical cyclones and subsequent development of univariate prediction model

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Abstract

A tropical cyclone is one of the most devastating meteorological events. In recent years, we faced some very severe cyclones to a super cyclone successively that caused heavy damages to life and property during the helpless situations of the global pandemic. In this paper, we studied the frequency of cyclones from the years 1891 to 2019, i.e., for 129 years, on the Arabian Sea Basin, Bay of Bengal Basin, and land. We have categorized the cyclones according to their wind speeds: (i) cyclonic storms and severe cyclonic storms (CS + SCS) and (ii) depressions, cyclonic storms, and severe cyclonic storms (D + CS + SCS) where depressions, cyclonic storms, and severe cyclonic storms have wind speeds of more than or equal to 17 knots, 34 knots, and 48 knots respectively. We examined the Markovian dependence of the discretized time series of the two categories mentioned earlier for the first, second, third, and fourth order of a two-state Markov chain model. It is found that CS + SCS represents the first-order two-state (FOTS) model of Markov chain and D + CS + SCS represents the second-order two-state (SOTS) model of Markov chain. Thereafter, we have developed autoregressive models for the two categories and checked their goodness of fit using Willmott’s indices of orders 1 and 2. It is found that CS + SCS best represents the autoregressive model of order 5, whereas D + CS + SCS could not be efficiently represented by the developed autoregressive models. So we further developed autoregressive neural networks for D + CS + SCS and obtained a significant hike in the prediction yield. Nevertheless, it is found that both categories are not serially independent.

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Data availability

All the dataset used for this study is available in Cyclone eAtlas by Indian Meteorological Department: http://14.139.191.203/AboutEAtlas.aspx.

Code availability

The authors hereby declare that no specific code is used in this work.

Abbreviations

ANN:

Artificial neural network

AR-NN:

Autoregressive neural network

AS:

Arabian Sea

BIC:

Bayesian Information Criterion

BOB:

Bay of Bengal

CS:

Cyclonic storm

D:

Depression

MC:

Markov chain

NIO:

North Indian Ocean

SCS:

Severe cyclonic storm

TC:

Tropical cyclone

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the supportive comments from the anonymous reviewers. Shreya Bhowmick acknowledges scientific discussions with Prof. Subrata Kumar Midya and Dr. Goutami Chattopadhyay, University of Calcutta, for suggestions and discussions during her research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700019, India

    Shreya Bhowmick

  2. Department of Mathematics, Amity University, Kolkata, 700135, India

    Surajit Chattopadhyay

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  1. Shreya Bhowmick
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  2. Surajit Chattopadhyay
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Surajit Chattopadhyay has conceived and designed the analysis. Also, he has supervised the research. Shreya Bhowmick has performed the analysis and prepared the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Surajit Chattopadhyay.

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The authors hereby mention that the preprint of the work reported here is available on Research Square at https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-641542/v1.

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Bhowmick, S., Chattopadhyay, S. Markovian approach to the frequency of tropical cyclones and subsequent development of univariate prediction model. Theor Appl Climatol 147, 1297–1308 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03886-5

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