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An assessment of change point and trend of diurnal variation of dust storms in Iran: a multi-instrumental approach from in situ, multi-satellite, and reanalysis dust product

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Abstract

Iran is a semi-arid and arid country in Western Asia and is exposed to numerous local and trans-regional dust systems due to its location in the global dust belt. The present study sought to investigate the change-point detection (CPD) and trend of the number of dusty hours (NDH) in Iran over a long-term period (1980–2015). The station dust frequency (SDF) of 81 synoptic stations was first hourly obtained and then processed. Furthermore, the dust aerosol optical depth (DOD) was obtained hourly from the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC). The results indicated the maximum dust frequency with 21.28 days at 12 GMT due to surface heating and the occurrence of local dry instabilities. The minimum dust also occurred with 7.76 days at 00 GMT in Iran. SDF and DOD had a direct relationship, but they had inverse significant relationships with altitude and latitude in Iran. The maximum average trend of the whole of Iran at 21 GMT with a value of Z 1.83 was significant at a 90% level, indicating an increase in nocturnal dust in Iran. The southwest of Iran, especially Bostan, Omidiyeh, and Masjed-Soleyman stations, had maximum numbers of dusty days so that NDHs of Omidiyeh station were increasing at 18 GMT (2.84 years−1 days). The year 2000 was, on area-averaged, the dust CPD in the across Iran, but 2007 and 2008 were the most frequent CPD of NDHs. None of the hours had lower amounts of dust after the CPD than before the CPD, indicating a significant increase in the dust of Iran.

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Acknowledgements

The present article is extracted from the doctoral thesis of Climatology (Urban Climatology) of the University of Shahid Beheshti titled “Analysis of spatiotemporal variations of vertical and horizontal patterns of aerosols and evaluation of its Climate feedback in Iran” that was conducted with the support of Fund for the Support of Researchers and Technologists of the Country (National Science Foundation of Iran) (INSF) with the code of 96000993. The authors are grateful to the Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO) for providing the requisite meteorological data. We also acknowledge the MODIS mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort.

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  1. Department of Geography, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Abbasali Dadashi-Roudbari

  2. Associate Professor of Climatology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

    Mahmoud Ahmadi

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  1. Abbasali Dadashi-Roudbari
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Correspondence to Abbasali Dadashi-Roudbari.

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Dadashi-Roudbari, A., Ahmadi, M. An assessment of change point and trend of diurnal variation of dust storms in Iran: a multi-instrumental approach from in situ, multi-satellite, and reanalysis dust product. Meteorol Atmos Phys 133, 1523–1544 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-021-00825-x

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