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Chorea in children: etiology, diagnostic approach and management

  • High Impact Review in Neuroscience, Neurology or Psychiatry - Review Article
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Abstract

Chorea is defined by the presence of abnormal, involuntary, continuous, random movements that results from a number of autoimmune, hereditary, vascular, metabolic, drug-induced and functional (psychogenic) causes. Chorea may present at all stages of life, from newborns to elderly individuals. While Huntington disease is the main suspicion in adults presenting with chorea, once a drug-induced or parkinsonian dyskinesia have been ruled out; Huntington disease exceptionally presents with chorea in children. Sydenham chorea is considered the most common cause of acute childhood-onset chorea, but its prevalence has decreased in Western countries. However, in younger children other etiologies such as dyskinetic cerebral palsy, anti-NMDAR receptor encephalitis, other autoimmune conditions, or mutations in NKX2-1, ADCY-5, FOXG1, GNAO1, GPR88, SLC2A1, SQSTM1, ATP8A2, or SYT-1 should be considered. In this manuscript, we review the main causes, diagnosis and management of chorea in children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sciences and Engineering, University of Guanajuato, Ave León 428, Jardines del Moral, 37320, León, Guanajuato, Mexico

    José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo

  2. Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Francisco Cardoso

Authors
  1. José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo
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  2. Francisco Cardoso
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Contributions

Dr. Baizabal-Carvallo: research project—conception, organization, execution; manuscript—writing of the first draft, review and critique. Dr. Cardoso: research project—conception, organization, execution; statistical analysis: review and critique; manuscript—review and critique.

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Correspondence to José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo.

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Conflict of interest

Dr. Baizabal-Carvallo has received royalties from Medlink Neurology, Dr. Baizabal-Carvallo serves as Associated Editor in BMC Neurology. Dr. Cardoso has received honorarium for advisory board of Roche. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

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Baizabal-Carvallo, J.F., Cardoso, F. Chorea in children: etiology, diagnostic approach and management. J Neural Transm 127, 1323–1342 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-020-02238-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-020-02238-3

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