Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Management of non-vestibular schwannomas in adult patients: a systematic review and consensus statement on behalf of the EANS skull base section. Part I: oculomotor and other rare non-vestibular schwannomas (I, II, III, IV, VI)

  • Original Article - Tumor - Schwannoma
  • Published:
Acta Neurochirurgica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Non-vestibular schwannomas are relatively rare, with trigeminal and jugular foramen schwannomas being the most common. This is a heterogeneous group which requires detailed investigation and careful consideration to management strategy. The optimal management for these tumours remains unclear, and there are several controversies. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the main principles defining management and surgical strategy, in order to formulate a series of recommendations.

Methods

A task force was created by the EANS skull base section along with its members and other renowned experts in the field to generate recommendations for the surgical management of these tumours on a European perspective. To achieve this, the task force performed an extensive systematic review in this field and had discussions within the group. This article is the first of a three-part series describing non-vestibular schwannomas (I, II, III, IV, VI).

Results

A summary of literature evidence was proposed after discussion within the EANS skull base section. The constituted task force dealt with the practice patterns that exist with respect to pre-operative radiological investigations, ophthalmological assessments, optimal surgical and radiotherapy strategies and follow-up management.

Conclusion

This article represents the consensually derived opinion of the task force with respect to the treatment of non-vestibular schwannomas. For each of these tumours, the management of these patients is complex, and for those which are symptomatic tumours, the paradigm is shifting towards the compromise between function preservation and progression-free survival.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Acharya R, Husain S, Chhabra SS, Patir R, Bhalla S, Sehgal AD (2003) Sixth nerve schwannoma: a case report with literature review. Neurol Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100720300076

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Adachi K, Yoshida K, Miwa T, Ikeda E, Kawase T (2007) Olfactory schwannoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-007-1158-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ambekar S, Sonig A, Nanda A (2012) Dorello’s canal and Gruber’s ligament: historical perspective. J Neurol Surgery, Part B Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1329628

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson DR, Hoyt WF (1969) Ultrastructure of intraorbital portion of human and monkey optic nerve. Arch Ophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1969.00990020508017

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. El Asri AC, Arnaout MM, Gerges MM, Gazzaz M, El Mostarchid B, Schwartz TH (2019) Prognosis factor in oculomotor schwannoma: a case of endoscopic endonasal approach and systematic review of the literature. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.170

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Beppu T, Yoshida Y, Wada T, Arai H, Suzuki M, Kuroda K, Ogawa A (1997) Trochlear and abducens nerve neurinomas accompanied by a cerebellopontine angle meningioma - case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.37.416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bohoun CA, Terakawa Y, Goto T et al (2017) Schwannoma-like tumor in the anterior cranial fossa immunonegative for Leu7 but immunopositive for Schwann/2E. Neuropathology. https://doi.org/10.1111/neup.12357

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Celli P, Ferrante L, Acqui M, Mastronardi L, Fortuna A, Palma L (1992) Neurinoma of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves: a survey and report of a new fourth nerve case. Surg Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-3019(92)90172-J

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cho Y-H, Sung K-S, Song Y-J, Kim D-C, Choi S, Kim K-U (2014) Oculomotor nerve schwannoma: a case report. Brain Tumor Res Treat. https://doi.org/10.14791/btrt.2014.2.1.43

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Choi CYH, Soltys SG, Gibbs IC, Harsh GR, Sakamoto GT, Patel DA, Lieberson RE, Chang SD, Adler JR (2011) Stereotactic radiosurgery of cranial nonvestibular schwannomas: results of single-and multisession radiosurgery. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0b013e31820c0474

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Chowdhury FH, Haque MR, Goel AH (2014) Abducent nerve schwannoma: a report of 3 cases. Neurosurg Q. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNQ.0b013e31828c7265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Civit T, Pinelli C, Klein M, Auque J, Baylac F, Hepner H (1997) Intrasellar schwannoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02747200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Elsharkawy M, Xu Z, Schlesinger D, Sheehan JP (2012) Gamma Knife surgery for nonvestibular schwannomas: radiological and clinical outcomes: clinical article. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.8.JNS11215

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Erlich SA, Tymianski M, Kiehl TR (2009) Cellular schwannoma of the abducens nerve: case report and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2009.01.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Evans D, Raymond F, Barwell J, Halliday D (2012) Genetic testing and screening of individuals at risk of NF2. Clin Genet 82(5):416–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Fadel HA, El Ahmadieh TY, Plitt AR, Neeley OJ, Johnson Z, Aoun SG, Mohamad O, Timmerman R, Weprin BE (2019) Oculomotor schwannomas: a systematic review and report of two pediatric cases treated with fractionated cyberknife stereotactic radiotherapy. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.114

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fang C, Leavitt JA, Hodge DO, Holmes JM, Mohney BG, Chen JJ (2017) Incidence and etiologies of acquired third nerve palsy using a population-based method. JAMA Ophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.4456

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Farrokhi MR, Ghaffarpasand F, Taghipour M, Derakhshan N (2018) Transventricular transvelar approach to trochlear nerve schwannoma: novel technique to lesions of inferior pineal region. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.03.132

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Figueiredo EG, Soga Y, Amorim RLO, Oliveira AMP, Teixeira MJ (2011) The puzzling olfactory groove schwannoma: a systematic review. Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1262945

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Figueroa-Ángel V, Rodríguez-Aceves CA, Calderon-Miranda WG, Escobar-Hernandez N, Joaquim AF, Moscote-Salazar LR (2018) Subfrontal schwannoma: case report and review of literature. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.10.045

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Furtado SV, Hegde AS (2012) Management of oculomotor nerve schwannomas in two different locations: surgical nuances and comprehensive review. Neurosurg Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-011-0344-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. G. M, A. H, V.V. D (1999) En bloc resection of an intracavernous oculomotor nerve schwannoma and grafting of the oculomotor nerve with sural nerve. Case report and review of the literature. J. Neurosurg.

  23. Goel A, Muzumdar D, Raman C, Post KD, Day JD, Konovalov AN (2003) Trigeminal neuroma: analysis of surgical experience with 73 cases. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000053365.05795.03

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hatipoǧlu HG, Durakoǧlugil T, Ciliz D, Yüksel E (2007) Comparison of FSE T2W and 3D FIESTA sequences in the evaluation of posterior fossa cranial nerves with MR cisternography. Diagnostic Interv. Radiol.

  25. Hayashi M, Chernov M, Tamura N, et al. (2010) Gamma Knife surgery for abducent nerve schwannoma. Report of 4 cases. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.8.gks10947

  26. Ho KL (1981) Schwannoma of the trochlear nerve. Case report. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1981.55.1.0132

  27. Iida Y, Sakata K, Kobayashi N, Tatezuki J, Manaka H, Kawasaki T (2016) Orbital abducens nerve schwannoma: a case report and review of the literature. NMC Case Rep J. https://doi.org/10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2015-0259

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Imran Zaidi SM, Naik P, Ahmed SK (2020) Abducens nerve schwannoma: first case to be treated with an expanded endonasal approach. Ear, Nose Throat J. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145561320960541

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Jacquesson T, Cotton F, Attyé A, Zaouche S, Tringali S, Bosc J, Robinson P, Jouanneau E, Frindel C (2019) Probabilistic tractography to predict the position of cranial nerves displaced by skull base tumors: value for surgical strategy through a case series of 62 patients. Neurosurgery 85(1):E125–E136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Jacquesson T, Yeh F-C, Panesar S, Barrios J, Attyé A, Frindel C, Cotton F, Gardner P, Jouanneau E, Fernandez-Miranda JC (2020) Full tractography for detecting the position of cranial nerves in preoperative planning for skull base surgery: technical note. J Neurosurg 132(5):1642–1652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Jecko V, Sesay M, Liguoro D (2020) Anatomical location of the abducens nerves (VI) in the ventral approach of clival tumors. Surg Radiol Anat. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-020-02525-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Joo W, Yoshioka F, Funaki T, Rhoton AL (2012) Microsurgical anatomy of the abducens nerve. Clin Anat. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.22047

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Joshi R (2012) Learning from eponyms: Jose Verocay and Verocay bodies, Antoni A and B areas, Nils Antoni and schwannomas. Indian Dermatol Online J. https://doi.org/10.4103/2229-5178.101826

  34. Kashkouli MB, Abdolalizadeh P, Jafari S, Shahrzad S, Karimi N (2019) Is primary optic nerve sheath schwannoma a misnomer? Report of two cases and literature review Orbit (London). https://doi.org/10.1080/01676830.2018.1545239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Katoh M, Kawamoto T, Ohnishi K, Sawamura Y, Abe H (2000) Asymptomatic schwannoma of the oculomotor nerve: case report. J Clin Neurosci 7(5):458–460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kim DS, Choi JU, Yang KH, Jung JM (2002) Optic sheath schwannomas: report of two cases. Child’s Nerv Syst. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-002-0663-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Kim I-Y, Kondziolka D, Niranjan A, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD (2018) Gamma Knife surgery for schwannomas originating from cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/109/12/s23

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. King JS (1976) Trochlear nerve sheath tumor: case report. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1976.44.2.0245

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Kinoshita Y, Kurosaki M, Kamitani H, Watanabe T (2008) Schwannoma originating in the optic canal. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-007-1452-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Komoribayashi N, Arai H, Kojo T, Obonai C, Wakabayashi J, Ogawa A (2005) Subfrontal schwannoma: case report. Neurol. Surg.

  41. Konovalov AN, Spallone A, Mukhamedjanov DJ, Tcherekajev VA, Makhmudov UB (1996) Trigeminal neurinomas. A series of 111 surgical cases from a single institution. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01412304

  42. Krisht A, Barnett DW, Barrow DL, Bonner G (1994) The blood supply of the intracavernous cranial nerves: an anatomic study. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199402000-00011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kulkarni RG, Satalkar VY, Bhawthankar AW (1980) Neurilemmoma of optic nerve. Indian J. Ophthalmol.

  44. Kumar R, Kothiwala A, Ghosh R (2014) Sixth nerve schwannoma. Neurol India. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.128355

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Lan YH, Li YC, Chang CN, Zhang B, Lu YJ (2020) Trochlear schwannoma arising from transition zone of nerve sheath in the pineal region: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.019

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Langlois A-M, Iorio-Morin C, Faramand A et al (2021) Outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for schwannomas of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2020.8.jns20887

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Lanotte M, Giordana MT, Forni C, Pagni CA (1992) Schwannoma of the cavernous sinus. Case report and review of the literature. J. Neurosurg. Sci.

  48. Lee SK, Moon KS, Lee KH, Jung S (2013) Cystic abducens schwannoma without abducens paresis: possible role of cisternal structures in clinical manifestation. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2013.53.6.374

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Leunda G, Vaquero J, Cabezudo J, Garcia-Uria J, Bravo G (1982) Schwannoma of the oculomotor nerves. Report of four cases. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1982.57.4.0563

  50. Li X, Li J, Li J, Wu Z (2015) Schwannoma of the 6th nerve: case report and review of the literature. Chinese Neurosurg J. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41016-015-0004-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, Clarke M, Devereaux PJ, Kleijnen J, Moher D (2009) The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2700

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Liu JK, Eloy JA (2012) Expanded endoscopic endonasal transcribriform approach for resection of anterior skull base olfactory schwannoma. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2012.v3.focus11300

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Lo PA, Harper CG, Besser M (2001) Intracavernous schwannoma of the abducens nerve: a review of the clinical features, radiology and pathology of an unusual case. J Clin Neurosci. https://doi.org/10.1054/jocn.2000.0846

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Magoon EH, Robb RM (1981) Development of myelin in human optic nerve and tract: a light and electron microscopic study. Arch Ophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1981.03930010655011

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Mahadevan A, Floyd S, Wong E, Chen C, Kasper E (2011) Clinical outcome after hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) for benign skull base tumors. Comput Aided Surg. https://doi.org/10.3109/10929088.2011.565160

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Mahore A, Ramdasi R, Chagla A, Tikeykar V (2019) Intraconal optic sheath schwannoma: report of two cases. Br J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2017.1297768

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Mariniello G, De Divitiis O, Caranci F, Dones F, Maiuri F (2018) Parasellar schwannomas: extradural vs extra-intradural surgical approach. Oper Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1093/ons/opx174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Mascarenhas L, Magalhães Z, Honavar M, Romão H, Resende M, Resende Pereira J, Rocha Vaz A, Jooma R (2004) Schwannoma of the abducens nerve in the cavernous sinus. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-003-0197-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Masuda H, Nemoto M, Okonogi S, Node Y, Ando S, Kondo K, Harada N, Sugo N (2020) Utility of Schwann/2E and Sox10 in distinguishing CD57-negative olfactory groove schwannoma from olfactory ensheathing cell tumor: a case report and review of the literature. Neuropathology. https://doi.org/10.1111/neup.12650

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Micovic MV, Zivkovic BM, Zivanovic JD, Bascarevic VLJ, Bogosavljevic V, Rasulic LG (2017) Ancient olfactory schwannoma - case report and literature review. Turk Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.14122-15.0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Muhammad S, Niemelä M (2019) Management of oculomotor nerve schwannoma: systematic review of literature and illustrative case. Surg Neurol Int. https://doi.org/10.25259/SNI-75-2019

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Nadkarni TD, Goel A (1999) Trochlear nerve neurinoma presenting as pathological laughter. Br J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688699944023

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Nakamizo A, Matsuo S, Amano T (2019) Abducens nerve schwannoma: a case report and literature review. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.123

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Nakamura M, Carvalho GA, Samii M (2002) Abducens nerve schwannoma: a case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-3019(01)00670-X

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Nathan H, Ouaknine G, Kosary IZ (1974) The abducens nerve. Anatomical variations in its course. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1974.41.5.0561

  66. Nesvick CL, Perry A, Graffeo CS, Raghunathan A, Hammack JE, Van Gompel JJ (2017) Trochlear schwannoma presenting with isolated trigeminal neuralgia. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.062

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Nishioka K, Abo D, Aoyama H, Furuta Y, Onimaru R, Onodera S, Sawamura Y, Ishikawa M, Fukuda S, Shirato H (2009) Stereotactic radiotherapy for intracranial nonacoustic schwannomas including facial nerve schwannoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.12.063

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Okada Y, Shima T, Nishida M, Okita S (1997) Large sixth nerve neuroma involving the prepontine region: case report. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199703000-00035

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Oxman AD (2004) Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. Br Med J. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Park JH, Cho YH, Kim JH, Lee JK, Kim CJ (2009) Abducens nerve schwannoma: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-009-0203-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Peciu-Florianu I, Tuleasca C, Comps JN, Schiappacasse L, Zeverino M, Daniel RT, Levivier M (2017) Radiosurgery in trochlear and abducens nerve schwannomas: case series and systematic review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-017-3348-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Petruzzelli MG, Margari M, Furente F, Costanza MC, Legrottaglie AR, Dicuonzo F, Margari L (2019) Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy and oculomotor nerve schwannoma: a pediatric case report with long-term mri follow-up and literature review. Pain Res Manag. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5392945

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Prasad GL, Sharma MS, Kale SS, Agrawal D, Singh M, Sharma BS (2016) Gamma Knife radiosurgery in the treatment of abducens nerve schwannomas: a retrospective study. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.8.JNS151140

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Pushker N, Khurana S, Kashyap S, Sen S, Shrey D, Meel R, Chawla B, Bajaj MS (2015) Orbital schwannoma: a clinicopathologic study. Int Ophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-014-9973-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Ramey WL, Arnold SJ, Chiu A, Lemole M (2015) A rare case of optic nerve schwannoma: case report and review of the literature. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.265

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Sabel LHW, Teepen JLJM (1995) The enigmatic origin of olfactory schwannoma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/0303-8467(95)00022-C

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Santoreneos S, Hanieh A, Jorgensen RE (1997) Trochlear nerve schwannomas occurring in patients without neurofibromatosis: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199707000-00050

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Sarma S, Sekhar LN, Schessel DA, Malis LI, Day JD (2002) Nonvestibular schwannomas of the brain: a 7-year experience. Neurosurgery. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200203000-00002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Sato M, Kanai N, Fukushima Y, Matsumoto S, Tatsumi C, Kitamura K, Ozaki M, Hayakawa T (1996) Hypoglossal neurinoma extending intra- and extracranially: Case report. Surg Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-3019(96)80012-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Sauvaget F, François P, Ben Ismail M, Thomas C, Velut S (2013) Anterior fossa schwannoma mimicking an olfactory groove meningioma: case report and literature review. Neurochirurgie 59(2):75–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Sekhar LN, Lanzino G, Sen CN, Pomonis S (1992) Reconstruction of the third through sixth cranial nerves during cavernous sinus surgery. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1992.76.6.0935

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Sharma A, Singh D, Saran R (2021) Primary optic nerve sheath schwannoma: a case report. Br J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2020.1869181

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Shibao S, Hayashi S, Yoshida K (2014) Dumbbell-shaped abducens schwannoma: case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). https://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.cr2012-0304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Simpson RK, Harper RL, Kirkpatrick JB, Cooper B (1987) Schwannoma of the optic sheath. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. https://doi.org/10.3109/01658108709007455

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Suetake K, Kurokawa Y, Uede T, Momota H, Hashi K (1998) A case of abducens neurinoma mimicking acoustic neurinoma. Comput Med Imaging Graph. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-6111(98)00023-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Sun H, Sharma K, Kalakoti P et al (2017) Factors associated with abducens nerve recovery in patients undergoing surgical resection of sixth nerve schwannoma: a systematic review and case illustration. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Taha M, AlBakry A, ElSheikh M, AbdelBary T (2018) Olfactory nerve schwannoma: a case report and review of the literature. Surg J. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Tanriover N, Kemerdere R, Kafadar AM, Muhammedrezai S, Akar Z (2007) Oculomotor nerve schwannoma located in the oculomotor cistern. Surg Neurol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2006.06.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Torun N, Laviv Y, Jazi KK, Mahadevan A, Bhadelia RA, Matthew A, Strominger M, Kasper EM (2018) Schwannoma of the trochlear nerve—an illustrated case series and a systematic review of management. Neurosurg Rev. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-016-0783-y

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Tung H, Chen T, Weiss MH (1991) Sixth nerve schwannomas. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.75.4.0638

  91. Vachata P, Sameš M (2009) Abducens nerve schwannoma mimicking intrinsic brainstem tumor. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-009-0302-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Verocay J: (1910) Zur Kenntnis der ‘Neuro brome’. Beitr Pathol Anat Allg Pathol 1‐69,:

  93. Wang M, Huang H, Zhou Y (2015) Abducens nerve schwannoma in cerebellopontine angle mimicking acoustic neuroma. J Craniofac Surg. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000001520

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Xiao J, Ye L, Wang W, Cheng H, Li C, Luo J, Hu X, Zhang Y (2020) Microneurosurgical treatment under the guidance of neuroendoscopy for an intracranial optic nerve Schwannoma: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore). https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000020747

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  95. Y.-H. L, Y.-C. L, C.-N. C, B. Z, Y.-J. L (2020) Trochlear schwannoma arising from transition zone of nerve sheath in the pineal region: case report and review of the literature. World Neurosurg.

  96. Yamaguchi T, Fujii H, Dziurzynski K, Delashaw JB, Watanabe E (2010) Olfactory ensheathing cell tumor: Case report. Skull Base. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1249572

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  97. Yoneoka Y, Akiyama K, Seki Y, Hasegawa G, Kakita A (2018) Frontoethmoidal schwannoma with exertional cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: case report and review of literature. World Neurosurg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.01.015

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew’s and The Royal London Hospital, London, UK

    Jarnail Bal & Dimitrios Paraskevopoulos

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium

    Michael Bruneau

  3. Neuro-Oncologic and Vascular Department, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France

    Moncef Berhouma

  4. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Jan F. Cornelius

  5. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy

    Luigi M. Cavallo

  6. Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 42 rue du Bugnon, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Roy T. Daniel & Mahmoud Messerer

  7. Department of Neurosurgery, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France

    Sebastien Froelich

  8. Skull Base and Pituitary Neurosurgical Department, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France

    Emmanuel Jouanneau

  9. Neurosurgery Department, APHM, Hopital Nord, Marseille, France

    Torstein R. Meling

  10. Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Pierre-Hugues Roche

  11. Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

    Henry W. S. Schroeder

  12. Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Marcos Tatagiba

  13. Department of Neurosurgery, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    Idoya Zazpe

Authors
  1. Jarnail Bal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael Bruneau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Moncef Berhouma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jan F. Cornelius
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Luigi M. Cavallo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Roy T. Daniel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sebastien Froelich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Emmanuel Jouanneau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Torstein R. Meling
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Mahmoud Messerer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Pierre-Hugues Roche
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Henry W. S. Schroeder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Marcos Tatagiba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Idoya Zazpe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Dimitrios Paraskevopoulos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dimitrios Paraskevopoulos.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the local ethical committee (Geneva Ethics Committee Board no. 11-233R, NAC 11-085R) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Consent to participate

For this retrospective type of study, formal consent is not required.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bal, J., Bruneau, M., Berhouma, M. et al. Management of non-vestibular schwannomas in adult patients: a systematic review and consensus statement on behalf of the EANS skull base section. Part I: oculomotor and other rare non-vestibular schwannomas (I, II, III, IV, VI). Acta Neurochir 164, 285–297 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-021-05048-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-021-05048-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation