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A sandwich-structured multifunctional platform based on self-assembled Ti3C2Tx@Au NPs films, antibiotics, and silent region SERS probe for the capture, determination, and drug resistance analysis of Gram-positive bacteria

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Abstract

A multifunctional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform integrating sensitive detection and drug resistance analysis was developed for Gram-positive bacteria. The substrate was based on self-assembled Ti3C2Tx@Au NPs films and capture molecule phytic acid (IP6) to achieve specific capture of Gram-positive bacteria and different bacteria were analyzed by fingerprint signal. It had advantages of good stability and homogeneity (RSD = 8.88%). The detection limit (LOD) was 102 CFU/mL for Staphylococcus aureus and 103 CFU/mL for MRSA, respectively. A sandwich structure was formed on the capture substrate by signal labels prepared by antibiotics (penicillin G and vancomycin) and non-interference SERS probe molecules (4-mercaptobenzonitrile (2223 cm−1) and 2-amino-4-cyanopyridine (2240 cm−1)) to improve sensitivity. The LOD of Au NPs@4-MBN@PG to S. aureus and Au NPs@AMCP@Van to MRSA and S. aureus were all improved to 10 CFU/mL, with a wide dynamic linear range from 108 to 10 CFU/mL (R2 ≥ 0.992). The SERS platform can analyze the drug resistance of drug-resistant bacteria. Au NPs@4-MBN@PG was added to the substrate and captured MRSA to compare the SERS spectra of 4-MBN. The intensity inhomogeneity of 4-MBN at the same concentrations of MRSA and the nonlinearity at the different concentrations of MRSA revealed that MRSA was resistant to PG. Finally, the SERS platform achieved the determination of MRSA in blood. Therefore, this SERS platform has great significance for the determination and analysis of Gram-positive bacteria.

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Funding

This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (grant numbers LZ22F050004, LY20F050008) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 52271139, 62075202).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China

    Xiangwen Qu, Pengwei Zhou, Boya Shi, Yekai Zheng, Lian Kan & Li Jiang

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  1. Xiangwen Qu
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  2. Pengwei Zhou
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  3. Boya Shi
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  5. Lian Kan
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Contributions

Xiangwen Qu: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft. Pengwei Zhou: conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, supervision. Boya Shi: data curation. Yekai Zheng: data curation. Lian Kan: resources, investigation. Li Jiang: funding acquisition, project administration, writing—review and editing, supervision.

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Correspondence to Pengwei Zhou or Li Jiang.

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Qu, X., Zhou, P., Shi, B. et al. A sandwich-structured multifunctional platform based on self-assembled Ti3C2Tx@Au NPs films, antibiotics, and silent region SERS probe for the capture, determination, and drug resistance analysis of Gram-positive bacteria. Microchim Acta 191, 305 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-024-06387-0

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