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A new sensor based on an amino-montmorillonite-modified inkjet-printed graphene electrode for the voltammetric determination of gentisic acid

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Abstract

An amperometric sensor based on an inkjet-printed graphene electrode (IPGE) modified with amine-functionalized montmorillonite (Mt-NH2) for the electroanalysis and quantification of gentisic acid (GA) has been developed. The organoclay used as IPGE modifier was prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, CHN elemental analysis, and thermogravimetry. The electrochemical features of the Mt-NH2/IPGE sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor exhibited charge selectivity ability which was exploited for the electrochemical oxidation of GA. The GA amperometric response was high in acidic medium (Brinton-Robinson buffer, pH 2) due to favorable interactions between the protonated amine groups and the negatively charged GA. Kinetic studies were also performed by cyclic voltammetry, and the obtained electron transfer rate constant of 11.3 s−1 indicated a fast direct electron transfer rate of GA to the electrode. An approach using differential pulse voltammetry was then developed for the determination of GA (at + 0.233 V vs. a pseudo Ag/Ag+ reference electrode), and under optimized conditions, the sensor showed high sensitivity, a wide working linear range from 1 to 21 μM (R2 = 0.999), and a low detection limit of 0.33 μM (0.051 ± 0.01 mg L−1). The proposed sensor was applied to quantify GA in a commercial red wine sample. The simple and rapid method developed using a cheap clay material could be employed for the determination of various phenolic acids.

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Acknowledgments

L. S. Guenang thanks the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (France) for a travel grant.

Funding

This work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Chemistry of Materials, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

    Liliane M. Dongmo, Léopoldine S. Guenang, Sherman L. Z. Jiokeng, Giscard Doungmo & Ignas K. Tonlé

  2. Department of chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon

    Léopoldine S. Guenang

  3. Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l’Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564 CNRS – Université de Lorraine, 405, rue de Vandœuvre, 54600, Villers-lès-Nancy, France

    Sherman L. Z. Jiokeng

  4. Institute of Microsystems Engineering IMTEK, Laboratory for Sensors, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany

    Arnaud T. Kamdem

  5. Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straβe 2, 24118, Kiel, Germany

    Giscard Doungmo

  6. Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, EPFL, Rue de l’Industrie, CH-1951, Sion, Switzerland

    Bassetto C. Victor, Milica Jović & Hubert Girault

  7. Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy

    Andreas Lesch

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Dongmo, L.M., Guenang, L.S., Jiokeng, S.L.Z. et al. A new sensor based on an amino-montmorillonite-modified inkjet-printed graphene electrode for the voltammetric determination of gentisic acid. Microchim Acta 188, 36 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04651-7

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