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Porous platinum nanoparticles and PdPt nanocages for use in an ultrasensitive immunoelectrode for the simultaneous determination of the tumor markers CEA and AFP

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Abstract

We describe the use of porous platinum nanoparticles (pPt NPs) and PdPt nanocages (PdPt NCs) in an electrochemical immunoassay for two tumor markers (CEA and AFP) directly in serum and with enhanced detection performance. The pPt NPs possess a high specific surface area and electrical conductivity, while the PdPt NCs display excellent catalytic property and high loading capacity. The PdPt NCs were labeled with anti-CEA and thionine, and the PdPt NCs were labeled with anti-AFP and ferrocene. The resulting electrode displayed a large decrease of the anodic peak current and an increase of cathodic peak current for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The dual square wave voltammetric immunoassay was performed at −0.1 V (for CEA) and +0.6 V (for AFP) after exposure to a sample containing CEA and AFP and in the presence of H2O2. CEA can be detected in the 0.05 to 200 ng mL−1 concentration range and AFP between 0.03 and 100 ng mL−1. The limits of detection are 1.4 pg mL−1 for CEA and 1 pg mL−1 for AFP (at an SNR of 3). The sensitivity of the method (expressed as slope vs. concentration) is better by a factor of 4.6 to 100 compared to conventional electrochemical immunoassays. Analytical data obtained with diluted serum samples were in good agreement with reference values obtained via a standard ELISA. Negligible cross-reactivity is found between CEA and AFP. In our opinion, this approach paves the way for developing other kinds of electrochemical immunosensors based on the use of pPt NPs and PdPt NCs as materials for designing new electrode interfaces.

Porous platinum nanoparticles and PdPt nanocages were prepared and used to fabricate an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneous detection of dual tumor markers with the sensitivity of ~19.9 μA (ng mL−1)−1, which is two orders of magnitude better than that of other electrode constructed mode.

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Acknowledgments

This research was financed by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21273153), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2132008), the Project of Construction of Innovative Teams and Teacher Career Development for Universities and Colleges under Beijing Municipality (IDHT20140512) and the Project of the Construction of Scientific Research Base by the Beijing Municipal Education Commission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China

    Na Liu, Feng Feng, Zhimin Liu & Zhanfang Ma

  2. College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China

    Na Liu

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  1. Na Liu
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  2. Feng Feng
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  4. Zhanfang Ma
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Correspondence to Zhanfang Ma.

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Liu, N., Feng, F., Liu, Z. et al. Porous platinum nanoparticles and PdPt nanocages for use in an ultrasensitive immunoelectrode for the simultaneous determination of the tumor markers CEA and AFP. Microchim Acta 182, 1143–1151 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-014-1435-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-014-1435-y

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