Abstract
Joints widely exist in engineering rock masses and significantly affect their dynamic response to different loadings. Here, utilizing the state-of-the-art 3D laser scanning technology, which allows the digitalization of the joint surface’s topography, and the Digital Image Correlation scanning technology that records the time series of the strain and mass point vibration, we build our unique experimental apparatus on the basis of a conventional split Hopkinson pressure bar with which we perform a series of repeated experiments on samples that are intact, with rough and smooth joint surfaces. This series of experiments provide us opportunities to look into the joint's dynamic mechanical behavior and energy evolution through multiple repeated impact loadings. We observe that the transmitted coefficient decreases with a larger joint roughness coefficient and the number of impacts. The stress wave and energy attenuation of rock masses with rough joints are much greater than those with smooth joints. Further, we observe the rough joints are more damaged than the smooth joints. The quantitative analysis carried through this experiment allows us to describe the process of a stress wave propagating through a joint in the rock mass with three consecutive stages: (1) joint closure; (2) joint compaction; and (3) coordinating deformation. The stress wave and energy attenuation of rock masses caused by the joint occur mainly at the stages 1 and 2.
Highlights
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Series of repeated impact experiments for jointed rock masses conducted with the split Hopkinson pressure bar system.
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Novel experimental setup facilitating digital image correlation scanning technology to quantify the strain and mass point vibration evolution.
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Stress wave and energy attenuation of rock masses with rough joints are much greater than those with smooth joints.
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Observed stress wave propagation through a joint describes three stages of sample deformation: joint closure, joint compaction, coordinating deformation.
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Data Availability
All data used during this study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Abbreviations
- Z 2 :
-
Root mean square of the first derivative of the profile curve
- L (m):
-
Length of the scan line for calculation of the joint roughness coefficient (JRC)
- \(\dot{\varepsilon }_{{\text{s}}}\) :
-
Strain rate
- \(E_{0}\) (GPa):
-
Elastic modulus of the incident and transmitted bars
- \(C_{0}\) (m/s):
-
Elastic wave velocity of the incident and transmitted bars
- \(A_{0}\) (m2):
-
Cross-sectional area of the incident and transmitted bars
- \(l_{{\text{s}}}\) (m):
-
Length of a specimen
- \(A_{{\text{s}}}\) (m2):
-
Cross-sectional area of a specimen
- \(\varepsilon_{{\text{I}}}\), \(\varepsilon_{{\text{R}}}\), \(\varepsilon_{{\text{T}}}\) :
-
Strains of incident, reflected and transmitted strains, respectively
- W I, W R, W T, W D (J):
-
Energies of incident, reflected, transmitted and dissipated waves, respectively
- R ti, R di :
-
Ratios of the transmitted and dissipated to incident energy
- \(\varepsilon_{{\text{I}}} (t)\), \(\varepsilon_{{\text{T}}} (t)\) :
-
Strains in the incident and transmitted bars, respectively
- T :
-
Transmitted coefficient
- TLR:
-
Transmitted coefficient loss rate
- σ :
-
Root mean square of different particle point heights
- K :
-
Kurtosis coefficient
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the China National Natural Science Foundation (Nos. 42177152, 41902293), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (No. 107-162301202609).
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JZ: conceptualization, methodology, and writing; XH: conducting experiments, formal analysis; Y-YJ and LS: conceptualization, methodology; WC: conceptualization, writing—review; JW: writing-review and editing; ZT: conducting experiments; SG: writing—review and editing.
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Zou, J., Hu, X., Jiao, YY. et al. Dynamic Mechanical Behaviors of Rock's Joints Quantified by Repeated Impact Loading Experiments with Digital Imagery. Rock Mech Rock Eng 55, 7035–7048 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03004-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-022-03004-5