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Experimental Study of an Orientation and Resin-Lifting Device for Improving the Performance of Resin-Anchored Roof Bolts

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Abstract

During roof bolting in underground coal mines, the effect of gravity on the resin for anchoring the bolts, resin mixing methods, and borehole wall collapse can easily lead to resin outflow, nonuniformity of the resin, and poor bolt concentricity. In this study we developed an orientation and lifting device (OLD) for resin-anchored rock bolts. Theoretical analysis and numerical model simulations were used to analyze the working principles of the device and to optimize its important features. After manufacturing prototype devices using a 3D printer, the devices were tested by installing roof bolts into both steel tubes and a simulated mine roof in the laboratory. Push tests, pull tests, and ultrasonic tests were conducted on the bolts to measure the performance of the device. The results indicate that the device mixes resin from the resin cartridges better and has a better lifting effect on the resin than standard bolt ribs. The device can prevent the resin from flowing downward, promote uniform resin mixing and density, and improve bolt concentricity because of the device’s orientation constraint and spiral lifting capabilities. The device can raise the load bearing capacity and stiffness of the roof bolts, contribute to roadway deformation control, and enhance the energy dissipation capacity of the bolting system when subjected to static and (or) dynamic loads. Both the theoretical analysis and the laboratory experiments demonstrate that the OLD can improve the quality of the anchorage, thus enhancing mine safety. This research provides a new method for improving the quality of roadway roof bolting.

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Abbreviations

P 1 :

Mixing power of a bolt with length of 60 mm (W)

P :

Mixing power of one two-bladed propeller (W)

N P :

Power number of one two-bladed propeller

ρ :

Resin density (kg/m3)

b :

The rib width (m)

N :

Bolt rotation rate (r/s)

d 1 :

Bolt diameter at the ribs (m)

d 2 :

The rotation diameter of the device (m)

Re :

Reynolds number

μ :

Resin viscosity coefficient (kg/m s)

θ :

Angle of the ribs on the bolt (°)

D 1 :

The diameter of the column of fluid contained within the OLD (m)

D 2 :

The diameter of the column of fluid contained within the bolt (m)

H 1 :

The hight of the bolt section (m)

H 2 :

The hight of the OLD (m)

A, B, and p :

Variables of the equation for calculating Re

P 2 :

Mixing power of the OLD (W)

K P :

Power constant

d 2 :

Diameter of the device (m)

V m :

Magnitude of the resin velocity vector (m/s)

V z :

Resin velocity in the Z-direction (m/s)

P d :

Dynamic pressure (Pa)

A m :

Mean ultrasonic amplitude (dB)

E u :

Ultrasonic energy of the resin annulus per unit time (J/s)

s :

Resin annulus area (m2)

I :

Sound intensity per unit area per unit time (W/m2/s)

ω :

Angular frequency of ultrasonic waves (rad/s)

ρ′ :

Resin density after solidification (kg/m3)

c :

Ultrasonic wave velocity (m/s)

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 51674098 and 51604094), the Innovative Talents Subsidized Project in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province (Grant 19HASTIT048) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Universities of Henan Province (Grants NSFRF-170602). We thank David Frishman, PhD, from Liwen Bianji, Edanz Group China (www.liwenbianji.cn/ac), for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China

    Mengxiong Fu, Shaowei Liu, Housheng Jia & Deyin He

  2. The Safety of Coal Production Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiaozuo, 454000, China

    Shaowei Liu & Housheng Jia

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  1. Mengxiong Fu
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  2. Shaowei Liu
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Correspondence to Shaowei Liu.

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Fu, M., Liu, S., Jia, H. et al. Experimental Study of an Orientation and Resin-Lifting Device for Improving the Performance of Resin-Anchored Roof Bolts. Rock Mech Rock Eng 53, 211–231 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01906-5

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