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Resin Flow Characteristics and Anchoring Performance of Resin-Anchored Bolts in Soft and Broken Surrounding Rock

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Abstract

Resin distribution in a borehole is critical to the anchoring performance during resin-anchored bolt installation. The distribution characteristics of the resin may be affected by fractures in the soft and broken surrounding rock of the borehole wall. Accordingly, numerical simulations, theoretical analyses, and laboratory experiments were performed to explore the resin flow characteristics and the anchoring performance of resin-anchored bolts in soft and broken surrounding rock. The results indicate that, for resin mixing in soft and broken surrounding rock, the resin and the curing agent rapidly flow into the fractures in the borehole wall during the rotation and advancement of the bolt toward the bottom of the borehole, resulting in resin loss. The amount of resin loss increases with the fracture aperture, number of fractures, and fracture angle, continuously weakening the anchoring performance. With increasing number of fractures, the deformation of the anchoring system before reaching the maximum anchoring force gradually increases. Conversely, an anchoring system with no fractures can quickly play its bearing role and provide a high working resistance. In addition, an improving method of anchoring performance was proposed: grouting reinforcement and borehole wall repair can enhance the strength of the surrounding rock, reduce the fracture aperture and resin loss, and improve the anchoring quality. This paper provides a theoretical reference for the stability control and anchoring quality improvement of soft and broken surrounding rock.

Highlights

  • The resin and the curing agent will flow into the fractures in the borehole wall during resin mixing process of resin-anchored bolt installation.

  • The amount of resin loss increases with the fracture aperture, number of fractures, and fracture angle.

  • The increase in the resin loss amount will continuously weaken the bearing capacity of an anchoring system.

  • An improving method of anchoring performance was proposed by enhancing the surrounding rock strength and reducing the fracture aperture.

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Data availability

The data that support the finding of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

β :

The fracture angle

P :

The axial concentrated tension on the free end of the bolt

τ m :

The mean bonding stress of the interface between the resin and the surrounding rock

σ fn :

The normal stress of the inflow resin subjected to the side of fracture #n

τ fn :

The shear stress of the inflow resin subjected to the side of fracture #n

D :

The diameter of the borehole

b :

The resin inflow depth

L :

The designed anchoring length

s :

The reduced anchoring length as a result of resin loss

W :

The fracture aperture, n denotes the fracture number

d :

The diameter of the bolt

τ rn :

The shear stress of the annular structure of fracture #n subjected by the borehole on the resin

\({V}_{S}\) :

The volume of the resin flowing into the n fractures

\({\tau}_{{\rm mr}}\) :

The mean value of the shear stress of the annular structures formed by the n fractures subjected on the resin by the borehole

\({\tau}_{{\text{max}}}\) :

The shear strength of the surrounding rock

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Acknowledgements

Critical comments by the anonymous reviewers greatly improved the initial manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 52104083 and 52074102), the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, CUMT (SKLCRSM22KF007), the Key R&D and promotion projects in Henan Province (222102320169), and the Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province (22A440004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China

    Mengxiong Fu, Shaowei Liu, ShuaiShuai Huang & Housheng Jia

  2. State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China

    Mengxiong Fu

  3. The Safety of Coal Production Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiaozuo, 454000, China

    Mengxiong Fu, Shaowei Liu & Housheng Jia

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  1. Mengxiong Fu
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  2. Shaowei Liu
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Correspondence to Shaowei Liu.

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Fu, M., Liu, S., Huang, S. et al. Resin Flow Characteristics and Anchoring Performance of Resin-Anchored Bolts in Soft and Broken Surrounding Rock. Rock Mech Rock Eng 57, 1579–1601 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03622-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-023-03622-7

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