Abstract
Purpose
This study exploits a novel musculoskeletal finite element (MS-FE) spine model to evaluate the post-fusion (L4–L5) alterations in adjacent segment kinetics.
Methods
Unlike the existing MS models with idealized representation of spinal joints, this model predicts stress/strain distributions in all passive tissues while organically coupled to a MS model. This generic (in terms of musculature and material properties) model uses population-based in vivo vertebral sagittal rotations, gravity loads, and an optimization algorithm to calculate muscle forces. Simulations represent individuals with an intact L4–L5, a preoperative severely degenerated L4–L5 (by reducing the disc height by ~ 60% and removing the nucleus incompressibility), and a postoperative fused L4–L5 segment with either a fixed or an altered lumbopelvic rhythm with respect to the intact condition (based on clinical observations). Changes in spine kinematics and back muscle cross-sectional areas (due to intraoperative injuries) are considered based on in vivo data while simulating three activities in upright/flexed postures.
Results
Postoperative changes in some adjacent segment kinetics were found considerable (i.e., larger than 25%) that depended on the postoperative lumbopelvic kinematics and preoperative L4–L5 disc condition. Postoperative alterations in adjacent disc shear, facet/ligament forces, and annulus stresses/strains were greater (> 25%) than those found in intradiscal pressure and compression (< 25%). Kinetics of the lower (L5–S1) and upper (L3–L4) adjacent segments were altered to different degrees.
Conclusion
Alterations in segmental rotations mainly affected adjacent disc shear forces, facet/ligament forces, and annulus/collagen fibers stresses/strains. An altered lumbopelvic rhythm (increased pelvis rotation) tends to mitigate some of these surgically induced changes.
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Acknowledgements
Authors would like to appreciate the advices of Dr. Parisa Azimi on surgical procedures and the assistance of Dr. Pouria Khoddam-khorasani in FE simulations.
Funding
This work was supported by grants from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (Grant number: G970504).
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Ebrahimkhani, M., Arjmand, N. & Shirazi-Adl, A. Adjacent segments biomechanics following lumbar fusion surgery: a musculoskeletal finite element model study. Eur Spine J 31, 1630–1639 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-022-07262-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-022-07262-3