Abstract
Granite genesis is crucial to understanding the evolution of continental crust, yet many concerns about granite genesis remain not well answered, such as whether I-type granite contains metasedimentary components, what controls granite compositional diversity, and how granitic plutons are constructed. To explore these issues, we conducted a detailed study on the two-mica plagiogranite, tonalite, and biotite plagiogranite units of the Wujinxia composite pluton in the eastern Qilian orogen, NE Tibetan Plateau. These units comprise two-mica plagiogranite, tonalite (with diorite enclave), and biotite plagiogranite. Zircon U–Pb data reveal that three granitic units formed at ~ 487 Ma, ~ 464 Ma, and ~ 430 Ma, respectively. Magmatic and xenocrystic garnet were identified from the tonalite and biotite plagiogranite, respectively. The two-mica plagiogranite, tonalite, and biotite plagiogranite all belong to low-K series rocks (K2O/Na2O = 0.10–0.26), and were derived from deep crustal sources mainly consisting of juvenile mafic rocks, with involvement of minor metasedimentary rocks in the magma sources of the two-mica plagiogranite and tonalite. The diorite enclave within the tonalite was probably derived from an enriched mantle-derived basaltic magma. Mineral compositions, thermobarometric calculations, and whole-rock geochemical data indicate that the low-K intrusive units of the Wujinxia composite pluton resulted from multiple magmatic systems at different depths. The results suggest that I-type granites can contain metasedimentary components by partial melting of a mixed crustal source, and high-Mn content helps the preservation of high-Ca garnet within such rocks. For a composite pluton spanning a large compositional variation, its compositional diversity is jointly controlled by magma source composition, melting condition and thermal evolution of individual magma pulses, and the resulted assembly style during pluton construction.
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Acknowledgements
We appreciate Dr. Ramin Samadi, one anonymous reviewer, Topic editor Stefan Jung, and Editor-In-Chief Ulrich Riller for their detailed reviews that greatly improve the manuscript. We also thank editors Ulrich Riller and Stefan Jung for handling our paper. We are grateful to Guangwei Song for the assistance during the field sampling and Shuguang Zhou for help in production of elevation map. This research was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 41703041, 41573021 and 41888101), the Open Project of Key Laboratory, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (2020D04041), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (2021441) and the Science and Technology Major Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (2021A03001). This is a contribution to IGCP 662 and IGCP 710.
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Yang, H., Luo, B., Zhang, H. et al. Generation of multiple low-K granitic magmas in the eastern Qilian orogen, NE Tibetan Plateau: implications for granite genesis and pluton construction. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-024-02406-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-024-02406-w