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Eocene to Late Oligocene extension dominated mafic magmatism from South Kaleybar, Iran

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Abstract

Vast and geochemically diverse volcanic rocks from the western Alborz Magmatic Assemblage (AMA) represent the back-arc of the central Iran Neotethyan arc (Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage; UDMA). Volcanic rocks of the west AMA record valuable information on the timing, source region(s) and geodynamic setting of magmatism. Over 30 days of field study and sampling, investigation of 170 thin sections, 30 whole-rock geochemical analyses, 13 whole-rock Sr–Nd isotopic ratios and U–Pb age dating of zircon separates from 7 samples furnished the present study data. Eocene (38.5 Ma) OIB-type volcanic rocks from South Kaleybar indicate an anorogenic (extensional) setting. This lithospheric-scale extensional event induced influx of asthenospheric mantle into the sub-arc wedge, of which the partial melts differentiated to produce OIB-type melts. The OIB-type melts incorporated some inherited zircons in their ascent through  the Cadomian crust. A continued extensional regime led to asthenospheric upwelling and produced mafic melts that produced 27.5-Ma-old subalkaline series volcanics. The LILE-depleted signature of the South Kaleybar subalkaline volcanic rocks implies that their mantle source region experienced previous partial melting event(s), probably during OIB-type magmatism in the Eocene. Alkaline volcanism (24.4 Ma) and concurrent high-silica adakitic volcanism (24.3 Ma–23.4 Ma) followed subalkaline magmatism. The alkaline rock signature in the study area range from ‘Nb–Ta depleted’ to ‘plume-type’. This is consistent with lithosphere–asthenosphere interaction in an arc-related setting. Simultaneous partial melts of delaminated lower crustal rocks reacted with the asthenosphere and produced adakitic melts. Asthenospheric, lithospheric and crustal contribution to the magmatism in South Kaleybar express the back-arc signature of magmatism in Eocene to Late Oligocene times.

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Acknowledgements

This work is derived from the Ph.D. thesis of Mohammad Paydari (2023). TMU, ETH and UC Santa Barbara are acknowledged for their funds and facilities. Two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Lin Sutherland are acknowledge for their comments which significantly improved this manuscript. Chief Editor Prof. Ulrich Riller and the Topic Editor are also acknowledged for their valuable comments and editorial handling which greatly improved this manuscript. Dr Mir A.A. Mokhtari is sincerely acknowledged for his advice while in the field. The Songun Copper Mining Complex is sincerely appreciated for furnishing the field camp during field work. The staff and students of the Geology Department from TMU are acknowledged for their friendship and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-175, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Ghorbani, Mohammad Paydari, Parham Ahmadi & Ahmad Ahmadvand

  2. Earth and Sustainability Sciences Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia

    Mohammad Reza Ghorbani & Ian T. Graham

  3. Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, ETH, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Albrecht von Quadt

  4. Department of Geology, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran

    Vahid Ahadnejad & Jamshid Ahmadian

  5. Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

    John M. Cottle

Authors
  1. Mohammad Reza Ghorbani
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  2. Mohammad Paydari
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  3. Parham Ahmadi
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  4. Albrecht von Quadt
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  5. Vahid Ahadnejad
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  6. John M. Cottle
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  7. Ian T. Graham
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  8. Jamshid Ahmadian
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  9. Ahmad Ahmadvand
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohammad Reza Ghorbani.

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Ghorbani, M.R., Paydari, M., Ahmadi, P. et al. Eocene to Late Oligocene extension dominated mafic magmatism from South Kaleybar, Iran. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 112, 1553–1575 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02313-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02313-6

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