Abstract
Key message
Scarcity or excess water modulates the growth of Macrolobium spp. in different Amazonian wetlands. The trees developed different xylem functional arrangements in each hydroclimate-soil gradient.
Abstract
Tree growth is influenced by a combination of genetic, ontogenetic, physiological and morphological responses to environmental factors. However, the challenge still is to identify the trigger of tree growth and different combinations of functional traits that make the same genus develop to adapt or survive in different environments. To fill this gap, functional characteristics related to anatomy, structure and growth of wood were selected, and the diameter increment rate and monthly phenology were monitored to discover the rhythm and period of growth of a congeneric pair of Macrolobium Schreb. (M. duckeanum and M. bifolium) in different wetland ecosystems (white-sand ecosystem and black-water floodplain forest) of the Central Amazon. Hydrological, climatic and edaphic data were used to characterize the wetland habitats. The results indicate that the growth period and rhythm of congeneric Macrolobium species differ in response to limiting environmental conditions. The rhythm was influenced by the water deficit in the white-sand ecosystem, while it was controlled by anoxic conditions (flooding) in the black-water floodplain forest. The trees developed different functional strategies to deal with the specific environmental conditions of each wetland, indicating an enormous functional diversity of this genus to adjust to environmental variations and changes.
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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Alberto Peixoto, Boris Zegarra, Kézia Pereira and Anderson Reis for helping with the wood material processing, Ana Luiza de Souza Costa, Gildo Feitoza, Kleuto Moraes, André Matos, Antônio Huxley and the Prado’s communitarian family for helping with fieldwork, and Layon Dermarchi for botanical identification. We also thank the members of the bilateral project Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) for their support with transport and logistics, as well as the Amazonas State University (UEA), FAPEAM, LBA/INPA, and SDS/CEUC/RDS-Uatumã.
Funding
This study is a result from a master thesis and we thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Brazil (CAPES) for granting the master’s scholarship (grant number: 88882.444444/2019-01). We acknowledge support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF contracts 01LK1602F and 01LK2101D) and the Brazilian Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI/FINEP contract 01.11.01248.00). Further we acknowledge support provided by the bilateral cooperation between the MAUA Research Group (Ecology, monitoring and sustainable use of wetlands) from INPA and the Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany (INPA/Max-Planck Project). The project received financial support by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Brazil (CNPq, grant numbers: 441498/2017-5 and 441811/2020-5) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM, grant number: 01.02.016301.02630/2022-76) within the scope of the projects PELD-MAUA and Riparian Network. We also acknowledge FAPEAM for funding via the Universal Amazonas 006/2019 call. Jochen Schöngart was funded by CNPq (grant number: 311247/2021-0).
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Alves, Y.L.A., Durgante, F.M., Piedade, M.T.F. et al. Tree growth performance and xylem functional arrangements of Macrolobium Schreb. (Fabaceae) in different wetland forests in the Central Amazon basin. Trees 38, 115–126 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-023-02469-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-023-02469-3